BA History of Art | Final Honour School - Course Handbook

Welcome!

This handbook applies to students starting the Final Honour School in History of Art in Michaelmas Term 2025.

 

This handbook is intended as a guide to the Second and Third Years of study of the BA Degree in History of Art at the University of Oxford, for the academic years 2025–2027.  The information in this handbook may be different for students starting in other years.  It should be read in conjunction with the relevant pages of the current edition of the Examination Regulations and Examination Conventions. Early reading of the relevant sections of the current Examination Regulations is strongly advised, so that you get to know your rights and responsibilities, and the main sources of information and support, before other pressures mount.  

Information in this handbook is accurate as of September 2025, however it may be necessary for changes to be made in certain circumstances, as explained at www.ox.ac.uk/coursechanges/.  Students are advised to check Canvas for the online version of the handbook for the most current and up-to-date information and to access the hyperlinks embedded in the text. Materials for particular courses will also be uploaded regularly to Canvas. It is the responsibility of students, when notified, to use Canvas in these instances. College handbooks are available via college websites.

Students should check their official University ‘Nexus’ email accounts regularly for such notifications and for other important messages from the Department, colleges, tutors and other staff. Emails are the main means of communication with students and thus it is their responsibility to read and respond promptly to such messages. During term time, it is recommended that students check their University email accounts at least once per day.

You are reminded that, as well as having responsibility for their own academic progress, students are responsible for familiarising themselves with the basic procedures, deadlines, and criteria for achieving a degree. Ignorance of these can cause avoidable anxiety and tiresome bureaucratic tangles. Moreover, research shows that students who thoroughly understand the culture, structures, expectations, and methods of their institutions perform better academically, and are better equipped to contribute to, and if necessary, to help change, their environment.

Professor JP Park

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Regulations for the examination in the School of History of Art are located at Exam Regulations - Search

 

The University has a wide range of policies and regulations that apply to students. These are easily accessible through the A-Z of University regulations, codes of conduct and policies available on the Oxford University Students website: www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/regulations/a-z

 

 

The BA Degree in History of Art aims to enable its students to:

  • develop an historical understanding of the origins and functions of artefacts within specific world cultures;
  • provide skills in the critical analysis of images and objects through the cultivation of “visual literacy”;
  • develop skills in research, analysis and writing;
  • engage and enhance their critical skills, imagination and creativity as an intrinsic part of an intense learning experience;
  • promote skills of relevance to the continued professional development of art historical activity including visual and verbal skills, which are transferrable to a wide range of employment contexts and life experiences.

The intended learning outcomes of the Degree are as listed below.

Knowledge and understanding of:
  • the role of images and material objects in the transmission of culture in the past and in the present;
  • how primary evidence can be employed in art-historical argument
  • the development of the History of Art as a subject, the changing role of images as evidence of past and present cultures, and the intellectual foundations of the discipline;
  • analytical and practical research and writing skills.
Intellectual skills: the ability to:
  • exercise critical judgement and undertake sophisticated analysis;
  • argue persuasively;
  • approach problems with creativity and imagination;
  • exercise independence of mind, and a readiness to challenge and criticise accepted opinion;
  • complete a thesis based on original research in the history of art. 
Practical Skills: the ability to:
  • write well for a variety of audiences and in a variety of contexts;
  • engage in oral discussion and argument with others, in a way that advances understanding of the questions raised and seeks to devise appropriate approaches and solutions to them;
  • ensure that the fullest range of evidence and opinion is brought to bear on a problem, and to develop research skills to this end, including the ability to work independently.
Transferrable skills: the ability to:
  • find information, organise and deploy it;
  • apply concepts in the analysis of art and visual culture to a wide range of empirical contexts;
  • work well independently, with a strong sense of self-direction, but with the ability also to work constructively in co-operation with others;
  • effectively structure and communicate their ideas in a variety of written and oral formats;
  • plan and organise the use of time effectively;
  • draw on information, and with a trained analytical intelligence, consider and solve complex problems in ways that are imaginative, yet sensitive to the needs and cultural expectations of others;
  • where relevant, make appropriate use of language skills.

 

The related teaching/learning methods and strategies, and assessment methods of the above are detailed within this handbook.

The Subject Benchmark Statement (which sets out expectations about standards of degrees in a range of subject areas) for the History of art, architecture and design 2019 can be found here; https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/subject-benchmark-statements/subject-benchmark-statement-history-of-art-architecture-and-design.pdf?sfvrsn=53e2cb81_5

The University awards framework describing the different qualifications that the University awards and how they relate to the national standards agreed for higher education qualifications can be found at https://academic.admin.ox.ac.uk/files/universityawardsframework1aug17pdf

 

 

This section of the Handbook provides an introduction to the aims and content of the course in the Second and Third Years, to the skills needed to pursue it successfully, and to the methods by which it is taught and examined. A regularly updated edition of this handbook can be access on Canvas.  As it will include the most up-to-date information, students should consult it regularly. 

Pattern of study

The Final Honour School (FHS) course is overseen by the FHS Coordinator, who in 2025-25 is Professor JP Park. The course of study in the Second and Third Years (which comprise the ‘Final Honour School’ for History of Art students) has a number of specific aims. It will engage you in the study of the role of images and material objects in the transmission of culture in the past and in the present. You will be introduced to the variety of art history’s subject matter, and to the many specialist forms of art historical and related scholarship that have developed in order to explore and appreciate that variety. You will gain a strong grounding in the development of the History of Art as a subject, the changing role of images as evidence of past and present cultures, and the intellectual foundations of the discipline. The course will also ask you critically to assess art historians’ and other scholars’ use of evidence in their scholarly writing, enabling you to participate in, rather than simply summarise their debates. You will consider how primary evidence can be employed in art-historical argument and, through the reading of set texts, you will have opportunities to reflect on the methods of art historians and on the literary forms of art historical and related writing, both now and in the past. In your coursework, you will develop an understanding of what constitutes an art-historical problem, be able to identify the appropriate methodological approach(es), find relevant secondary literature, identify primary sources (visual as well as textual), collect information, process it appropriately, set out an argument and evidence coherently, and present it within the available time in a clearly organised format.

The basic elements of the syllabus are set out in the Examination Regulations. In the case of the Core Course, the Further and Special Subjects, and the Undergraduate thesis, additional detailed specifications (e.g., regarding set texts or images, format for essays and theses, etc.) are provided in the Handbook.

The syllabus is made up of the core course on ‘Approaches to the History of Art’ and more specialised papers from which you will be able to choose particular options. When considering your FHS course choices, please note that some courses are offered by other departments and faculties, which may have quite different patterns of teaching and even assessment than is the case for Department of History of Art courses. There is also the requirement to write a thesis, a substantial piece of work on a subject of your choice, based on a combination of primary source material (textual as well as visual) and in-depth readings related to the broader art historical context. The FHS syllabus also continues to require you to study art produced in different time periods and made by and for societies across a wide geographical range. Increasingly as the course progresses, this engagement will be through the intensive study of primary texts and visual material. It offers both a greater range of choices than was available to students studying for the First Year Preliminary Examination, and also expects students to engage with art historical questions at a higher level of sophistication.

Approaches to the History of Art is the History of Art FHS core course and will usually involve lectures and classes, with tutorials arranged in one or more terms. It is designed to provide students with a set of methodological tools and an explicit historiographical apparatus to analyse the texts, images and objects encountered in the other FHS courses and in the writing of the thesis. Further information about the course is found in Section 3.

Further Subjects engage with themes in cultural history, drawing upon a range of visual and textual sources. Teaching of Further Subjects takes place in the Hilary Term of the Second Year, but you will be asked to apply for them at the start of Trinity Term of your first year, since some may be capped or require foreign language skills. Section 4 contains descriptions of and further information about the individual Further Subjects available to History of Art students.

Classical, Pre-Modern and Non-Western Options and Modern Art Options are taken by students in their Second Year, with one option selected in the first category and one in the second. These options ensure that students will complete the degree with knowledge of a variety of historical periods and geographical areas. Since these options are offered by a wide range of faculties (including Classics, Oriental Studies, Archaeology and Anthropology, Modern Languages, and the Ruskin School of Art), students will also be exposed to many different approaches to visual and material culture when taking these options, from the literary to the anthropological, and from that of the archaeologist to that of the contemporary art practitioner. On these options, see Sections 5 and 6.

Special Subjects enable undergraduates to work very closely with primary visual and textual sources, constructing their own understanding of a given subject from the original evidence. Critical and rigorous engagement with that evidence is at the core of the Special Subject. Special Subjects are taken in Michaelmas Term of your Third Year. It is the only part of the syllabus to be examined through two components. One of these, a three-hour examination paper, requires comment on a number of passages (known as ‘gobbets’) or individual images taken from the full range of texts and images prescribed for a particular Special Subject. The other assessment consists of a 6,000-word extended essay, to be submitted before the beginning of Hilary Term of the Third Year, on a subject chosen from a list of questions provided by the examiners around the middle of the Michaelmas Term of the Third Year. This will provide you with the opportunity both to demonstrate your knowledge of the source material and the wider historiographical debate about a particular issue or problem and to submit a well-constructed piece of work, displaying a full scholarly apparatus of references and bibliography, on a scale that is appropriate to the depth of study required of a Special Subject. Section 7 contains descriptions of the various Special Subjects available to History of Art undergraduates and details of their prescribed texts and images, which as you will see are considerably more extensive than those prescribed for the Further Subjects.

The Special Subject Extended Essay tests your ability to conceptualise and structure a substantial (6,000-word) essay on one of a selected group of questions that the examiners of that Special Subject will propose around the middle of Michaelmas Term of the Third Year. It is intended that this essay be written on the basis both of extensive secondary reading and knowledge of the primary textual and visual sources prescribed for the Special Subject, and will provide an opportunity to demonstrate both your familiarity with these sources and your ability to interpret them critically and intuitively.

The Undergraduate Thesis will be one of the most satisfying pieces of work that you produce while pursuing the History of Art degree at Oxford: an opportunity to select a topic entirely independently and to devise your own research strategy to explore it in detail. You will be encouraged to begin thinking about a possible subject for a thesis in Trinity Term of your Second Year, if not earlier. All undergraduates will receive tutorial guidance and support in thinking about the practicalities of researching a chosen topic, and later in bringing together the source material, constructing an argument, and drafting a plan for writing the thesis itself. The thesis is to be no longer than 12,000 words, including references and any appendices, but excluding the bibliography. Practical advice and detailed regulations for writing theses are in Section VIII.

 

Full details of all FHS course options and requirements (including information about availability, required languages, capping, assessment, etc.) can be found in Sections 3-8. The tables presented on the following two pages are merely intended to provide students with a general, term-by-term overview of teaching patterns.

The following table outlines the Second Year programme and teaching pattern.

Paper Term  

Comments

Figures in this table are in hours unless otherwise stated.

Lectures Classes Tutorials
Core Paper:
Approaches to the History of Art
MT 8 8 2 1 ½ hr classes.
Tutorials may take place in MT, HT or TT.
HT 8 8 2
TT      
Further Subject in Western Art
(see Section 4 for course titles)
MT      

2 hr classes.
Typical pattern; some courses will also have lectures.

HT   8 6
TT      
Classical, Pre-Modern and
Non-Western option
(see Section 5 for course titles)
MT   8 6 Typical pattern. Courses may take place in a different term. They may also be taught in different combinations of lectures, classes, and tutorials across different terms. See Section 5*
HT      
TT      
Modern Art option
(see Section 6 for course titles)
MT       Typical pattern. Courses may take place in a different term. They may also be taught in different combinations of lectures, classes, and tutorials across different terms. See Section 6*
HT      
TT   8 6

Thesis

MT        
HT      
TT   1 1

 

*Because of the varied teaching patterns of the available Classical and Modern Art options, the FHS Coordinator and your College Tutor will guide you in making your option choices spread across your workload over the year.

The following table outlines the Third Year programme and teaching pattern.

Paper Term  

Comments

Figures in this table are in hours unless otherwise stated.

Lectures Classes Tutorials
Core Paper:
Approaches to the History of Art
MT        
HT     2
TT      
Special Subject in Western Art
(see Section 7 for course titles)
MT   8 6

2 hr classes.

Typical pattern; some courses may vary and some will offer lectures.

Extended Essay due 0th Week of HT.

HT      
TT      
Thesis MT      

Thesis symposium in HT.

Thesis due 8th Week of HT.

HT   2 4
TT      

 

Plus exam revision classes for core and optional courses in TT.

As in the First Year, you will need to make a diary and plan your work time carefully. You should expect to work an approximately 40-hour week, including contact hours and private study. But everyone works to a different personal pattern. Should you find the work becoming unduly stressful at any point, you should not hesitate to talk with your tutors in the Department and in your college, who will be able and happy to advise you and to refer you to additional academic and pastoral support if this is needed.

 

In the History of Art FHS, the forms of teaching are generally the same as in the First Year, but the expectations of tutors are more rigorous and exacting. The forms of teaching, which are explained in detail below, consist of tutorials, lectures, and classes, with different courses using different combinations of these possible options. The differences may be particularly marked in the case of courses offered by other departments and faculties in comparison to Department of History of Art courses.

Tutorials are a principal form of teaching.  Up to seven or eight tutorials may be arranged over a single term for an individual course. Each tutorial will usually involve a pair of students and a tutor, although in some cases the student may be allocated individual tutorials and in others may be in small groups of three or four students. For the Undergraduate thesis, students will be assigned an expert supervisor who will run one-to-one tutorials.

A tutor’s approach to the conduct of tutorials will vary to some degree, reflecting his/her personality, intellectual interests and chosen approach, and an assessment of the capabilities, experience or interests of the students. What can be said is that the tutorial is not primarily about the learning of facts and the provision of information about a subject. This is not an occasion for a mini-lecture by the tutor, not an occasion for telling you things.  The tutor will obviously correct errors of fact and misunderstanding, and suggest ways to improve your techniques of argument and presentation.  But essentially s/he will engage with your argument.  The tutor may try to attack your argument, to put forward an alternative interpretation to which you need to respond.  The point of a tutorial is to develop creative discussion of the basis of the analysis which you have presented, trying to develop themes, deepen particular points, suggest qualifications etc.  (The literary critic F.R. Leavis famously characterised academic discourse as a process of ‘That is so, isn’t it?, followed by ‘Yes, but…’.)  The tutorial should be a constructive dialogue between yourself, your tutorial partner(s) and your tutor.  You need to be an active participant, positively engaged, prepared to stick up for yourself, ready to consider critically your tutor’s arguments.  A good tutorial should be invigorating (and tiring) for all those involved.  You should also remember that a tutorial is helping you to construct the framework of an approach to a period, a culture or a series of cultures.  By definition, it cannot give you a complete picture, and is not setting out to do so.  Once you have the structure in place, you can go on to flesh out particular aspects which interest you, and make cross-connections with other things which you have studied.  No tutorial is a self-contained entity, nor is any essay; they form part of an ongoing process of developing your own historical imagination, an attitude to history which is yours.

This sense of positive engagement is the running theme.  You should not be a passive recipient, imbibing knowledge from book, visual image, lecture or tutor.  You are not trying to find the ‘right’ answer.  You will be involved in a continuous process of arguing, with your reading, with your tutor, with your fellow students, above all with yourself.  What we are trying to cultivate is a critical (constructively critical) habit of mind which should become second nature.

Students may find the feedback from tutorials varying in style and quantity between tutors. Feedback during tutorials will be primarily given orally: in dialogue, by asking questions, your tutor will lead you to the strengths and weaknesses in your argument. Usually, you will also find some written comments or questions on making reference to factual errors, or comment on stylistic strengths and weaknesses, the larger structure of the argument, issues omitted or key works not read. However, the oral response of your tutor is your main feedback. Most tutors won’t give you a mark, as writing your tutorial essays is a learning process towards a critical engagement with the materials, not a result. Writing a tutorial essay is not, of course, the same thing as an essay written in an examination – but it is a preparation towards it. The dialogue between tutor and student, and the larger discussion between a tutorial group constitute an important element of formative assessment. The style of this verbal commentary may vary amongst tutors, some of whom will offer commentary/assessment on performance in a formalized manner at a particular point in the tutorial, others offering advice, criticism and suggestion in a more extensive and informal way. Any successful tutorial will provide substantial, detailed feedback, but students should be alert to interpreting and understanding the combination of written and verbal assessment, criticism and encouragement received.

Academic progress

If you have any issues with teaching or supervision please raise these as soon as possible so that they can be addressed promptly. Details of who to contact are provided in ‘Feedback and Complaints Procedures’ in this handbook.

In addition to the organisation of most tutorials (especially after the First Year) and some classes, colleges are responsible for the collection and delivery of termly reports to undergraduates on their work over the term via TMS (Teaching Management System). The reading of reports (an occasion often known as ‘Collections’) provides an opportunity for the student to discuss her or his progress with a tutor or other college officer. Colleges will also organise practice examinations (also known as ‘Collections’) at the start of the following term, providing students with the incentive to consolidate their previous term’s work, and to practise their examination technique.

Lectures continue to be offered for many of the courses taken in the Second and Third Years, although these will not necessarily be held in the same term in which you will be having tutorials and/or classes for the course. Compared to some of the lectures you will have attended in the first year, you will find that lectures directed at FHS papers will be more focused: they will aim to open up fresh aspects of a paper or topic, and will not in most cases be intended to give you an introductory outline to the subject as a whole. Lectures are for instruction and stimulus beyond what can be obtained from your reading: they reflect the benefits of a research-active academic culture in which lecturers will have their own specific appreciation and interpretation of these art historical issues based on serious study. But in consequence, it should not be assumed that lectures intended for the FHS will serve up a subject on a plate, ready for straightforward regurgitation to examiners. In a few courses, screenings of films will be offered in addition to or instead of formal lectures.

Please note: The guiding purpose behind lectures offered in conjunction with Second- and Third Year courses is fundamentally different from the often more general and introductory types of lectures offered in the First Year. By the Second Year of the History of Art degree, it is assumed that you will be able to undertake such basic orientation on a new subject on your own initiative.

Classes are used as a further means of teaching and are no less important a component of your courses than tutorials. You will already have had experience of class-based teaching during the first year. Classes provide a very different learning experience from tutorials. Because of the larger number of students involved, the terms of intellectual exchange between students and tutor are altered, and students have greater opportunities for working in groups and for learning from each other.

The precise purpose and form of any series of classes is largely determined by a range of factors that a class tutor will take into consideration: the particular challenges of the material to be discussed, the range of prior knowledge within the group and the relationship of the classes to lectures and tutorials. However, in general, classes may involve a variety of things: an oral presentation by one or more students followed by a discussion; a series of short presentations by several students; collective presentations by groups of students; or the discussion of particular problems and themes identified in advance. The class tutor may mix these approaches both within sessions and between them.

Many classes will involve some kind of oral presentation (often involving the use of PowerPoint slides), and it is important to appreciate the ways in which a successful presentation differs from a tutorial essay. The purpose of a presentation will vary from class to class, and typically tutors will brief students about how the presentation will contribute to the class as a whole. For example, in a presentation that is intended to stimulate debate among students already familiar with the material, the student should not merely convey standard factual information; rather, they should identify issues for discussion by the group. Such presentation can thus often be much more open-ended than a tutorial essay. It is important to stress the responsibility of students making presentations towards other members of the class. A poorly researched, ill-thought-out, or unduly thin presentation can inhibit the learning of the entire class in the session in which it is made. Those students who are not presenting in any given week will nevertheless be expected to have prepared for the class by having undertaken a body of reading that will have been identified by the class tutor. Students are encouraged to use the classes to raise problems they have encountered in their reading, particularly in the interpretation of texts and images.

Successful classes depend on a range of skills, many of which are shared with tutorials, but some of which are developed much further. In common with tutorials, classes require careful preparation, a willingness to ask questions (both of the tutor and of other students), attentive and purposeful listening, and the ability to refine and defend an argument in the light of discussion. Among those skills that classes take further are: an understanding of how individuals interact in groups; the playing of a variety of roles within the group (leading, supporting, challenging, ice-breaking), and some tutors may use student chairs to direct the discussion; working collaboratively with others; presenting material in an engaging, attention-grabbing manner; and, in some cases, the effective use of visual materials in making oral presentations.

 

Bibliographies will either be provided by your tutor for the specific topics on which you have chosen to write essays, or the tutor may talk you through essential and otherwise important or relevant books on a more substantial course bibliography when setting up a topic for the next essay. In many faculties (including the History Faculty), general course bibliographies are available through ORLO or Canvas.

As always, however, you should be prepared to use your own initiative and to supplement bibliographies you may have been given or directed towards by a willingness to be resourceful and adventurous in discovering additional books and articles. Do not assume that any of the bibliographies given out by tutors or course convenors, however apparently voluminous, represent everything published, even in recent years, on a particular subject. It is particularly important to be aware of this when compiling bibliographies and amassing reading for your thesis and your Special Subject Extended Essay. In getting beyond the course bibliographies and those provided by tutors, on-line bibliographic resources are particularly useful: for more details of these see Section XV on ‘Information Technology’.

 

Languages are an important part of art historical enquiry. It is obvious that a society that writes and speaks a language other than English requires knowledge of that language to be understood in any depth. At Oxford, you will be expected to make an effort to maintain or learn any relevant languages if you are to study the visual culture of another society at a specialised level. Strong language skills may be necessary for admittance to some FHS options (see below) or to undertake some Undergraduate thesis topics.

Special classes called ‘French for Art Historians’ and ‘Italian for Art Historians’ are organised by and run by the Oxford University Language Centre.  Talk to your college tutor and the FHS Coordinator if you would like to attend. General courses in French and other languages are also available through the Language Centre – please discuss this with your college tutor. 

Please note: Some FHS options require an ability to read a modern foreign language. The proportion of texts set in a foreign language varies among these subjects; in some it is quite small, and the relevance of the language skill may primarily lie in the ability to read relevant secondary books or articles. But if you think you may want to study one of these subjects you should take steps early on to keep up or improve your knowledge of the relevant language: the Language Teaching Centre offers you an excellent opportunity to do so. Knowledge of foreign languages also of course broadens the scope of all of your secondary reading, equips you to benefit more from travel, may help you in your Undergraduate thesis, and provides a marketable additional skill when it comes to seeking employment after university.

 

Study for the Final Honour School will occupy just 21 months of your life from October of your Second Year to June of your Third Year. But at the end of it, you will have acquired skills and knowledge that will make you an art historian for life. As such you will have enormous opportunities for a satisfying career in a wide range of spheres.

Students who have graduated from the University of Oxford with an Honours degree in History of Art will have acquired by the end of three years of intensive study a wide range of skills and abilities. Students will have, among other things:

  • demonstrated a knowledge and understanding of the origins and functions of artefacts within specific world cultures, characterised by range, depth and conceptual sophistication.
  • engaged and enhanced their critical skills, imagination and creativity as an intrinsic part of an intense learning experience in a demanding tutorial system.
  • developed the skill of independent, analytically rigorous thinking, drawing on technical skills in art historical investigation and exposition.
  • acquired skills, some of relevance to the continued professional development of art historical understanding, others which are transferable to a wide range of employment contexts and life experiences.

These latter, transferable, skills involve:

  • the ability to find information, organise and deploy it.
  • the ability to draw on such information to consider and solve complex problems in ways that are imaginative and analytically acute, yet sensitive to the needs and cultural expectations of others.
  • the ability to work well both independently with a strong sense of self-direction, and in constructive cooperation with others.
  • the ability to effectively structure and communicate ideas in a variety of written and oral formats.
  • the ability to plan and organise the use of time effectively.

Your tutors certainly hope that some of you will want to continue to be active art historians, by going on to do research as a graduate student, by entering the teaching profession, in which it is especially vital that the history of art continues to be strong and dynamically and effectively taught, or by training to work in a museum, gallery, auction house, library or archive. Tutors can advise you on all these possibilities.

But there are many art historians working in the professions beyond the academy and the museum/gallery world.  Art historians, thanks to the range of skills acquired in their undergraduate courses, flourish in a wide range of careers.  You should make use of The Careers Service at 56 Banbury Road, with information also available online at: https://www.careers.ox.ac.uk/

The Careers Service has a large library for you to consult, and the advisors there have a wealth of experience and suggestions. You should visit the Careers Service first of all during your Second Year, in order to start narrowing down your choices. The Oxford Careers Fair takes place in Michaelmas Term every year, bringing together employers from a wide range of sectors throughout the UK to talk about graduate opportunities and postgraduate study options. You should not get yourself into the situation where a preoccupation with finding a job damages your work in the Third Year, when the Special Subject, the thesis and revision for your final examinations will require a very high proportion of your time.

Above all, however, life after the Final Honour School will be all the better if you have enjoyed and taken the fullest opportunity to study the History of Art in its broadest sense while here. The paths of art history are never straight and narrow, and studying at Oxford gives you every opportunity to explore their variety and complexities.

Finally, a reminder that a wide range of information and training materials are available to help you develop your academic sills – including time management, research and library skills, referencing, revision skills and academic writing – through the Oxford Students website: http://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills.

 

Approaches to the History of Art

Course convenor in 2025–26: Professors Geoffrey Batchen and Charlene Villaseñor Black

This History of Art FHS core course will build on the First Year ‘Introduction to the History of Art’ course. While the ‘Introduction’ course explored key art historical issues through a series of case studies from a variety of cultures and times, the Second Year ‘Approaches’ course will provide students with a more sophisticated set of methodological tools and an explicit historiographical apparatus for analysing the texts, images and objects encountered in the other FHS courses and when writing the thesis. By considering carefully and critically texts by writers concerned with Art History over the past century or so, as well as relevant works by archaeologists, anthropologists, historians and literary critics, students will gain an historiographical overview of the discipline of Art History and will appreciate how methodological approaches from other disciplines have been incorporated into the field. Students will also be encouraged to consider how methodological and historiographical issues underpin their own research and writing as art historians. 

The course will be taught through a series of classes during Michaelmas and Hilary Terms. The classes, which will be taught by the convenor and other guest tutors, are closely tied to the lecture series ‘Art History: Concepts and Methods’, which students are required to attend.  There will be four tutorials in total in Michaelmas, Hilary and/or Trinity Terms and two further tutorials in Hilary Term 2027 (which will be scheduled according to the needs of students and the availability of tutors).

Students will write six essays (one for each tutorial), plus give one or more oral presentations over the two terms of the classes. Students will be expected to read all the required texts (available online via Canvas/ORLO/JSTOR/SOLO/etc. or found in the Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library and other libraries, as noted in the syllabus) before each class in order to be able to participate actively in discussions.

The course is assessed by examination at the end of the Third Year.

For further information on specific course activities, a full list of prescribed readings and other requirements, please consult the course syllabus available on Canvas. This will include additional readings to prepare for classes, tutorials and the examination. 

 

Please note: Depending on the availability of teaching resources, not all Further Subjects will be available to all candidates in a given year. Likewise, additional subjects may be available beside those listed above. Some Further Subjects may have language requirements and/or capping restrictions, as detailed below. The most up-to-date information on course availability, capping, and language requirements can also be found in the latest on-line version of the History of Art FHS Handbook via the HoA Students site in the History of Art area of Canvas.  For advice on choosing Further Subjects, see also Section 2) above.

 

Tabular overview of Further Subjects available in 2025-26

Note: Your college tutor may wish to contact the convenor of the course for further information – please do not contact the convenor directly yourself.

Subject

Convenor

History of Art cap

Language requirements

Anglo-Saxon Archaeology c. 600–750

Dr Helen Gittos

(History Faculty and Balliol College)
helen.gittos@history.ox.ac.uk

None

None

The Carolingian Renaissance

 

Dr John Nightingale

(History Faculty and Magdalen College)

john.nightingale@history.ox.ac.uk

None

None

Culture and Society in Early Renaissance Italy, 1290–1348

Dr Matthew Kempshall

(Wadham College)

matthew.kempshall@wadham.ox.ac.uk

3

None

Flanders and Italy in the Quattrocento, 1420–80

 

Prof. Hannah Skoda

(St John’s College)

hannah.skoda@sjc.ox.ac.uk

None

None

Court Culture and Art, Europe, 1580–1700

 

Dr Hannah Smith

(St Hilda’s College)

hannah.smith@st-hildas.ox.ac.uk

3

None

Intellect and Culture in Victorian Britain

Dr Joshua Bennett

(History Faculty and Lady Margaret Hall)

joshua.bennett@history.ox.ac.uk

None

None

The Iberian Global Century, 1550–1650

Prof. Giuseppe Marcocci

(History Faculty and Exeter College)

giuseppe.marcocci@history.ox.ac.uk

2

None

Britain at the Movies: Film and National Identity since 1914

Dr Matthew Grimley

(History Faculty and Merton College)

matthew.grimley@merton.ox.ac.uk 

2-3 None

 

The nature and purpose of Further Subjects

Further Subjects will normally be studied by History of Art students in Hilary Term of the Second Year. They have been designed to extend and deepen your knowledge of particular subject areas, topics and themes in History and Art History. They are intended to be based on primary sources, both textual and visual, requiring you to engage with a range of primary material relevant to the subject, to elucidate its significance and to relate it to the scholarly literature. There are up to seven Further Subjects in Art History to choose from (depending on availability), ranging widely both geographically and chronologically. They will enable you to study subjects in which members of the Faculty are themselves actively engaged in research, and your choice may well arouse interests that you yourself may wish to pursue subsequently, for instance, in the Undergraduate thesis. However, please note that the choice of subject for your Undergraduate thesis, which you will complete in the Third Year, may impose certain restrictions on the use you may make of material from the thesis in answering questions in other papers, including in the examination for the Further Subject. These restrictions are set out in the Regulations relating to the Undergraduate thesis.

Further Subjects are usually taught in a combination of six tutorials (arranged by your college tutors) and eight university classes (arranged by the Convenor for the Subject). Each class is taken by one or two Faculty members who are experts in the field, sometimes assisted by graduate students researching relevant topics. As in the Special Subjects, the classes provide an invaluable opportunity to learn the skills of working effectively in a group; during the course of the term’s classes you will normally be expected to write and deliver at least one paper, to open the class discussion. Please read the section on ‘Forms of Teaching’ in Section 2.3 for guidance on how to get the most out of class teaching.

Further Subjects are examined in a single paper in the third year. You are required to answer three questions and to illustrate your answers as appropriate by reference to the prescribed texts. Some questions are normally derived more directly from the prescribed texts. You should consult past examination papers in the subjects in which you are interested in order to gain an idea of what they involve. For more information on how to access past exam papers, follow this link: https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/collections-and-resources/past-exam-papers.

 

Capping of Further Subjects

Since the demand for some Further Subjects may exceed the capacity of the Faculty to teach them, some subjects may be ‘capped’. This means that a ceiling has had to be placed on the number permitted to enrol in the course. Information on which Further Subjects have been capped and the number of places available in each case for History of Art students can be found in the tabular overview of Further Subjects above. You are required to select more than one option as your first choice cannot always be guaranteed.

Please note: For all information on the teaching and examination of Further Subjects, please refer to the relevant History Faculty Canvas site: https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/22234/pages/further-subject-paper-options?module_item_id=209550

If you experience any problems accessing Canvas, please contact the Academic Assistant via admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk.

All queries about teaching and examination of Further Subjects should be directed to undergraduate.office@history.ox.ac.uk.

 

Please note: the History Canvas site provides the most up-to-date information about bibliographies, and prescribed texts and images for History Further Subjects:

https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/22234/pages/further-subject-paper-options?module_item_id=209550


ANGLO-SAXON ARCHAEOLOGY C. 600-750: SOCIETY AND ECONOMY IN THE EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD

Course Convenor: Prof. Helen Gittos (Balliol)

Further Subject: Anglo-Saxon Archaeology c. 600-750: Society and Economy in the Early Christian Period

In 600 the peoples who came to be known as ‘the Anglo-Saxons’ were ethnically diverse, politically fragmented and largely pagan; by 750 they had emerged as one of the major cultures of post-Roman Europe, with towns, a complex economy and a network of richly-endowed churches. The fusion of Germanic, Celtic and Mediterranean traditions produced a material culture of astonishing richness and originality, including such internationally famous works as the Sutton Hoo grave goods, the Ruthwell and Bewcastle crosses and the Lindisfarne Gospels. This is currently one of the most lively areas of medieval history, as old discoveries are reassessed, and new ones (especially in the areas of economy and settlement) overturn accepted views. The excitement of this subject is to trace the remarkable growth of English society and culture in response to external stimuli. This is the only paper in the Modern History School devoted to archaeology, and archaeology is defined in the widest sense, to include illuminated manuscripts, precious objects, coins, sculpture and buildings as well as sites and finds. Other Further Subjects are based on a selection of primary texts, which undergraduates study with the help of secondary works. With this subject the sites and artefacts themselves are ‘primary’, but to make them available in print inevitably involves a process of selection and interpretation; at the same time, ‘primary’ material (unavailable elsewhere) can be embedded in analytical and essentially secondary works. Thus the normal distinction between primary and secondary literature cannot be drawn so clearly, and the subject-matter covers a spectrum from the primary (e.g. photographs and excavation reports) to the secondary (e.g. interpretative books and articles). A series of specific sites, structures and objects are prescribed for detailed study (and discussion in ‘Part A’ questions), but the bibliography also contains a range of other ‘primary’ material which illuminates the wider context, and which is revised from year to year as new discoveries are made. Mastering the art of using physical evidence, and of reading and criticising excavation reports, involves some initial intellectual effort but is highly rewarding. A selection of (very brief) extracts from contemporary written sources (amounting to some 5,000 words) has also been set.


THE CAROLINGIAN RENAISSANCE

Course Convenor: Prof. John Nightingale (Magdalen College)

Further Subject: The Carolingian Renaissance

‘Carolingian Renaissance’ is a term of convenience used to describe the cultural, intellectual and religious awakening of Western Europe in the eighth century which in due course found its natural centre in the court school of Charlemagne and thence returned, in the ninth century and under fresh stimulus, to the churches and monasteries equipped to realize its implications. It thus gathers up what of Antiquity and Patristic learning had been preserved and hands it on, transmuted, to become the basis of European thinking about the aims of society till comparatively recent times. Its range is so great, and its implications so vast, that no set of prescribed texts could in practice cover it. Those that have been chosen (all in English or French translation) illustrate some of its principal themes and some of the ways in which those themes were modified in the course of a century’s experiment, as a result, first, of the directing force of Charlemagne and his advisers and, thereafter, of the widely differ­ing interpretations placed on the royal programme by bishops, monks and others left to their own devices. The texts include a generous selection of the revealing correspondence of two scholars at the centre of affairs, Alcuin and Lupus of Ferrières; biography and narrative material; an educational manual; several Carolingian capitularies (the programmatic foundation of the Renaissance); some charters; a little theology and liturgical material; and a selection of poetry. Special attention is paid to the artistic and architec­tural aspects of the Renaissance.

Candidates will be required to show knowledge of the general history of Europe from the accession of Charlemagne (768) to the deposition of Charles the Fat (887). Questions will be set on the history of Carolingian art and architecture.


CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN EARLY RENAISSANCE ITALY, 1290–1348

Course Convenor: Dr Matthew Kempshall (Wadham College)

Further Subject: Culture and Society in Early Renaissance Italy from 1290 to 1348

This subject engages with Italian society in a period of extraordinary flux and creativity. As the city-communes came to the end of their period of dominance in Italian politics, several amongst them – including Florence, Siena and Padua, studied here – produced the most elaborate manifestations of civic pride and republican identity. These took the form not simply of governmental and financial institutions, but of newly created piazzas and town halls, statues and frescoes, church building and the elaboration of civic ceremony. In addition, the writing of history and of political and religious polemic contributed to current debate about the character and purpose of life in the cities – a debate which was conducted against a background of conflict and often extreme violence. All of these aspects of urban culture are represented amongst the various texts and images prescribed for the course.

Linking many of these themes is the career and work of Dante, whose Comedy is both an extraordinary creative achievement and a sustained critique of contemporary society. The psychological realism introduced into literature by Dante’s vast panorama finds a miniature successor in Petrarch’s The Secret, the witty self-analysis of a Christian man of classical letters. The transformation of the visual arts which also occurred at this time is represented by Giotto, Duccio and their contemporaries, whose painting and sculpture is examined both with respect to its style and technique, and in relation to its patrons, setting and audience.

The textual sources are prescribed in translation. A rich secondary literature exists in English. Texts marked* will be studied in English translation.


FLANDERS AND ITALY IN THE QUATTROCENTO, 1420–1480

Course Convenor: Prof. Hannah Skoda (St John’s College)

Further Subject: Flanders and Italy in the Quattrocento from 1420 to 1480

This subject offers candidates the possibility of studying and comparing themes in cultural history which are often considered apart. Its aim is to examine aspects of the civilizations of both the ‘Gothic’ North and ‘Renaissance’ South in fifteenth-century Europe. In the North, the Low Countries witnessed the emergence of an art of remarkable naturalism (represented by Jan van Eyck, Roger van der Weyden and Hans Memling). Meanwhile, the Italian peninsula saw the development of a more idealized vision of the world, beginning with the works of Masaccio and drawing increasingly on Greek and Roman antiquity for both subject-matter and inspiration. Beside these apparently divergent tendencies, some common ground existed between the two cultures: urban life, the rise of princely courts and households, mercantile and financial contacts, and important movements in devotional religion. One purpose of the subject is therefore to examine the relationship between the visual art of these regions and the societies from which it emerged.

The prescribed texts and documents introduce the student to the theoretical literature of the arts as well as to the study of patronage and purchase: humanist treatises, contracts, inventories and correspondence between patrons and artists. Devotional trends are illustrated by saints’ lives and by texts emanating from the devotio moderna of the age. Intermediaries between North and South such as diplomatic envoys, the agents of the Medici bank and foreign observers are also represented. A selection of photographs of works of art, chosen to illustrate both differences and affinities, forms an important part of the source material. By studying visual and documentary evidence together, a reappraisal of the comparisons and contrasts between Netherlandish and Italian culture can be undertaken. In the process, material from cities other than Florence (e.g. Milan, Ferrara, Mantua and Urbino) is studied and the role of princes as patrons emphasized.

The prescribed texts (with one exception) are available in English translation and in practice no foreign language is required for the course.

Candidates will be required primarily to study and compare cultural and artistic developments in the Low Countries and Italy during the fifteenth century, but attention should also be given to political, economic, social, and religious issues.


COURT CULTURE AND ART, 1580–1700

Course Convenor: Dr Hannah Smith (St Hilda’s College) and Geraldine Johnson (Christ Church)

Further Subject: Court Culture and Art in Early Modern Europe

This Further Subject is intended for undergraduates who wish to combine an interest in the structures of courts and court culture with an introduction to some of the major issues and methodological challenges involved in studying the history of art in a courtly context. The study of courts as the focus of political, social and cultural authority within the early modern state has been a dynamic and exciting area of historical enquiry in the last few decades. No less important has been the impact of both art-historical and historical scholarship in exploring the practical mechanisms of art patronage, the use of art by rulers and other élites to construct justifications for the legitimization of authority, and the respective role of artists, patrons and scholars in the formulation of ideological programmes within a court context. The course will seek to bring these two areas together in a study that will focus on a number of specific courts and on wider issues connected with court patronage of the arts, the resources and aims of patrons, and the reactions of both courtly and non-courtly élites to these initiatives. An introductory seminar will examine some of the historiographical and methodological problems involved in studying courts and in coming to terms with what will be for most students the unfamiliar context of art-historical scholarship. Subsequent seminars will look at a range of European courts, from Papal Rome, through the early Stuarts, the Habsburg court at Brussels and Louis XIV’s Versailles, while additional topics will include the role of female patrons, the place of collecting in court patronage and the use of theatrical, musical or other staged performances in court culture.

The prescribed texts and documents will introduce the student to a variety of texts and documents concerning the detail of commissions and execution of works of art, inventories of collections, correspondence between artists, courtiers. Near-contemporary writings about artists give insights into issues such as factional rivalries, political or familial strategies, perceptions of artistic merit and the status of artists in court culture. There are no prescribed images for this course, though students will be encouraged to analyse particular works of art as case studies in understanding the workings of patronage, the politics of display or the operations of court ritual and etiquette. In a number of cases, holdings in the major Oxford art galleries will be used to supplement this visual evidence. The course is taught by a group of History and History of Art tutors and while the subject matter of the seminars is prescriptive, there will be opportunities to diversify across a wider range of subjects in the tutorial component of the course. 


INTELLECT AND CULTURE IN VICTORIAN BRITAIN

Course Convenor: Dr Joshua Bennett (Lady Margaret Hall)

Further Subject: Intellect and Culture in Victorian Britain

This subject aims to study the ideas and culture of the Victorians with some reference to their analytical content and social context. The topics covered range from progress and faith, through natural and social science, to fine art and gender. There are many common themes running through the texts, such as the tension between materialism and idealism, and between historical and positivist modes of thought. The set texts are grouped under headings which suggest the major issues to be explored. (1) Historical writings introduce the concept of ‘Whig’ history and the interaction between religious beliefs and the claims made for the value of the study of the past. (2) Social and economic thought examines the attempt to advance beyond the apparently well-established principles of political economy towards a ‘general science of society’ or sociology. (3) The religious texts embrace the spectrum from Catholicism and natural religion to agnosticism and secularism. (4) The section on art and society assesses the enormous influence of ‘cultural critics’, Carlyle, Ruskin, Matthew Arnold, and William Morris, whose perspectives were distinct from those of churchmen and sociologists. We are particularly fortunate in having a grand Ruskinian project – the University Museum – in Parks Road, and Ruskin’s own collection of drawings and watercolours, used in his teaching, in the Ashmolean Museum. (5) Education is important in raising directly the question of the role of women in Victorian culture, and shows how many of the intellectual developments of the period were reflected in the reform of the universities and public schools, and in the professionalization of study. (6) The scientific texts focus on Darwin and the impact of evolutionary thinking. Finally, prospective graduate students can be reassured that each of the six headings offers unlimited scope for further research.


THE IBERIAN GLOBAL CENTURY, 1550-1650

Course convenor: Prof. Giuseppe Marcocci (Exeter)

Further Subject: The Iberian Global Century, 1550-1650

 

 


BRITAIN AT THE MOVIES: FILM AND NATIONAL IDENTITY SINCE 1914

Course convenor: Dr Matthew Grimley (Merton)

Further Subject: Britain at the Movies: Film and National Identity since 1914

This course invites you to consider the usefulness of film as a way into key historical and historiographical debates in 20th century Britain. Over the course of the century cinema-going emerged as the most popular demotic leisure activity - its appeal cutting across divisions of class, gender, age and region. Over the course of the century, moreover, film became one of the key sites at which to reflect on and make sense of processes of social, cultural and political change in a period of massive upheaval. Taking this as a starting point, we invite you to consider the historical meanings and significance of a series of genres or moments of filmmaking n Britain from the First World War to the present day. These include war and film, the documentary movement of the 1930s, Ealing and Carry On comedies and narratives of Imperial adventure. Conceptualizing British film in its broadest transnational and Imperial context, we thus consider the wats in which the course aims to get you to think critically about key issues of methodology and epistemology involved in using film as historical source - production, plot, visuality, music - as well as issues of audience and reception. In so doing we aim to move beyond a treatment of film as wither a free-floating text or a 'mirror for England' in order to situate it at a particular historical moment.

 

Tabular overview of Classical, Pre-Modern and Non-Western Art Options available in 2025–26

Note: Your college tutor may wish to contact the convenor of the course for further information – please do not contact the convenor directly yourself.

Subject

Convenor

History of Art cap

Language

require-ments

How /when taught in the 2nd year

How/ when examined

Greek Art and Archaeology,

c.500–300 BC

Dr Rachel Wood (Classics), rachel.wood@classics.ox.ac.uk

None

None

Lectures: MT, HT and TT

Tutorials: MT or TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

 

Art under the Roman Empire

Prof. Peter Stewart (Classics)

peter.stewart@classics.ox.ac.uk

None

None

Lectures: HT and TT Tutorials: MT or TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

 

Hellenistic Art and Archaeology, 330–30 BC

Prof. Maria Stamatopolou
(Classics Faculty)
maria.stamatopolou@lincoln.ox.ac.uk

 

None

None

Lectures: HT
Tutorials: MT, HT and TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

 

Gothic Art Through Medieval Eyes

 

Professor Nancy Thebaut

nancy.thebaut@history.ox.ac.uk

None

None

Lectures and Tutorials: TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

 

Visual Culture in Contemporary East Asia

Professor JP Park

jp.park@hoa.ox.ac.uk

None

None

TT: teaching format TBC

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

 

Egyptian Art and Architecture

Prof. Elizabeth Frood

(Oriental Studies)

elizabeth.frood@orinst.ox.ac.uk

(suspended 2025-26)

3

None

Lectures: MT, HT and TT

Classes and tutorials: TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year 

Encountering South Asian Sculpture

Dr Mallica Kumbera Landrus

(Ashmolean Museum)

mallica.kumberalandrus@ashmus.ox.ac.uk

 

None

None

Classes and tutorials: MT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year 

American Art

Professor Charlene Villaseñor Black

(History of Art)

None

None

Classes and tutorials: TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year 

 

Topics in Islamic Art

Dr Francesca Leoni
(Ashmolean Museum)

francesca.leoni@ashmus.ox.ac.uk

None

None

Classes and tutorials: TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

Latin American Cinema

Prof. Ben Bollig (Modern Languages)

benjamin.bollig@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk

Prof. María Blanco (Modern Languages)

maria.blanco@trinity.ox.ac.uk

None

None, but students should be aware that a number of films on the filmography do not have subtitles.

Classes and tutorials: MT, HT

Assessment by essay submitted at the end of HT

Cross Cultural Dialogues, Art, Identity, Belief in Medieval Iberia

 (suspended 2025-26)

None

None

Classes and tutorials: TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

 

The nature and purpose of Classical, Pre-Modern, Non-Western Art Options

History of Art undergraduates take their Classical, Pre-Modern and Non-Western Art Option in the Second Year. There are up to nine options to choose from (depending on availability), ranging widely both geographically and chronologically. These options ensure that students will complete the degree with knowledge of a variety of historical periods and geographical areas. Since these options are offered by a wide range of faculties (including Classics, Oriental Studies, and Archaeology and Anthropology), students will also be exposed to many different approaches to visual and material culture when taking these options, from the archaeological to the anthropological. They will enable you to study subjects in which tutors and convenors are themselves actively engaged in research, and your choice may well arouse interests that you yourself may wish to pursue subsequently, for instance, in the Undergraduate thesis. However, please note that the choice of subject for your Undergraduate thesis, which you will complete in the Third Year, may impose certain restrictions on the use you may make of material from the thesis in answering questions in other papers, including in the examination for the Classical, Pre-Modern or Non-Western Art Option. These restrictions are set out in the Regulations relating to the Undergraduate thesis.

These options are taught in a variety of ways, but usually include a combination of tutorials (arranged by your college tutor) and lectures. Some also involve university classes (arranged through by the convenor of each option). Please read the section on ‘Forms of Teaching’ in Section 2) for guidance on how to get the most out of these different forms of teaching. When considering your course choices, please keep in mind that some courses are offered by other departments and faculties, which may have quite different patterns of teaching than is the case for Department of History of Art courses.

 

All Classical, Pre-Modern and Non-Western Art Options are examined in a single three-hour paper in the relevant Final Honours School. You should consult past examination papers in the subjects in which you are interested in order to gain an idea of what is involved in the course. These are available in the relevant faculty library, in many college libraries, and on-line. For more information on how to access past exam papers, follow this link: https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/collections-and-resources/past-exam-papers

 

Capping of Classical, Pre-Modern and Non-Western Art Options

Since the demand for some of these options may exceed the capacity of the relevant faculty to teach them, some options may be ‘capped’. This means that a ceiling has had to be placed on the number permitted to enrol in the course. Information on which Further Subjects have been capped and the number of places available in each case for History of Art students can be found in the tabular overview of Further Subjects above. You are required to select more than one option as your first choice cannot always be guaranteed.

 

Please note: Course descriptions and details of convenors, lectures, classes, tutorials, etc. may change and students are thus advised to consult the handbooks and websites of the relevant faculties (i.e., Classics, Oriental Studies, and Archaeology and Anthropology), as well as the latest on-line version of the History of Art FHS Handbook. The faculties’ handbooks and websites should also be consulted for information about bibliographies, prescribed texts and images, etc.


Greek Art and Archaeology, c.500–300 BC

(FHS: Archaeology and Anthropology, Classical Archaeology and Ancient History)

Course Convenor: Dr Rachel Woods (Classics)

The images and monuments of the fifth century BC made a decisive break with the visual modes of the archaic aristocracy and established the influential idea that images should try to look like what and whom they represent. This subject involves the study of the buildings and architecture of classical Greek cities and sanctuaries as well as the images and artefacts that were displayed in them, and one of its major themes is the swift emergence and consolidation of this revolutionary way of seeing and representing that we know as ‘Classical art’. The images and objects are best studied in their archaeological and broader historical contexts, and typical questions to ask about them would include: What were they used for? Who paid for them, made them and looked at them? And what ideas and priorities did they express in their local settings?
This paper looks at the full range of ancient artefacts, from bronze statues and marble temples to painted pots and clay figurines. The Ashmolean Museum has a fine collection of relevant objects, especially of painted pottery, and the Cast Gallery houses plaster copies of many of the key sculptured monuments of the period, from the Delphi Charioteer and the Olympia sculptures to portrait statues of Demosthenes and Alexander the Great. The examination paper reflects the broad division of the evidence into (A) architecture, urbanism, buildings; (B) statues, reliefs, and sculptures; and (CT’s) wallpaintings, mosaics, painted pottery, and other artefacts.
A wide range of lectures and classes are given throughout each academic year - on sculpture, wallpainting, vase-painting, and architecture.

J.J. Pollitt, Art and experience in Classical Greece (Cambridge, 1972) is a good, brief introduction.

The course is taught via a series of lectures in Hilary and Trinity Terms, with tutorials offered in either Michaelmas or Trinity Term. The course is is examined by a three-hour paper at the end of the Third Year.


Art under the Roman Empire, AD 14–337

(FHS: Faculty of Classics, Greek and Roman Archaeology)

Course Convenor: Prof. Peter Stewart (Classics)

The long imperial Roman peace has left the densest and most varied record of artistic and visual representation of any period of antiquity, and at the height of the empire more cities, communities, and individuals than ever before came to invest in the 'classical' culture of monumental representation. The course studies the art and visual culture of the Roman Empire in its physical, social, and historical contexts.

The period saw the creation of a new imperial iconography—the good emperor portrayed in exemplary roles and activities at peace and war. These images were deployed in a wide range of media and contexts in Rome and around the empire, where the imperial image competed with a variety of other representations, from the public monuments of city aristocrats to the tombs of wealthy freed slaves. The course studies the way in which Roman images, self-representation, and art were moulded by their local contexts and functions and by the concerns and values of their target viewers and ‘user-groups’.

Students learn about major monuments in Rome and Italy and other leading centres of the empire (such as Aphrodisias, Athens, Ephesus, and Lepcis Magna) and about the main strands and contexts of representation in the eastern and western provinces. They will become familiar with the main media and categories of surviving images - statues, portrait busts, historical reliefs, funerary monuments, cameos, wallpaintings, mosaics, silverware, and coins and learn how to analyse and interpret Roman art and images in well-documented contexts and how to assess the relation between written and visual evidence.

The course is taught via a series of lectures running through all three terms, with tutorials offered in either Michaelmas or Trinity Term. It is examined by a three-hour paper at the end of the Third Year.


Hellenistic Art and Archaeology, 330–30 BC   

(FHS: Faculty of Classics, Greek and Roman Archaeology)

Course Convenors:  Prof. Maria Stamatopoulou (Lincoln College)

The Macedonian conquest of Asia brought a forced expansion of the Greek imagination and environment that has left an abundant and varied trace in the visual and material culture of the period. The course studies major themes, contexts, and media of Hellenistic art, set against the dense archaeology of the best-preserved cities and sites of the period – from Macedonia to Bactria, from the Aegean to central Italy. The material includes distinctive categories of object, such as bronzeware, clay seals, gems, glassware, grave stelai, jewellery, mosaics, silverware, statues in bronze, statues in marble, terracottas, and wall paintings.

Major subjects include: (1) the art and cities of the kings at the height of their power in the late fourth and third centuries BC, (2) the visual remains of Greek-local interaction in Egypt and Iran, (3) the monuments of the old city-states that flourished within and between the Macedonian kingdoms, and (4) the complex process of acculturation by which the apparatus and technology of Hellenistic art and material culture were adopted in Italy.

Introductory Bibliography:
Burn, L. Hellenistic Art (London 2004)
Dillon, S.  Ancient Greek Portrait Sculpture: Contexts, Subjects, and Styles (Cambridge 2006), esp. ch. 5
Pollitt, J.J. Art in the Hellenistic Age (Cambridge 1986)
Smith, R.R.R. Hellenistic Sculpture: A Handbook (London 1991)
Smith, R.R.R. Hellenistic Royal Portraits (Oxford 1988)
Venit, M. S.   Monumental Tombs of Ancient Alexandria: The Theater of the Dead (Cambridge 2002)
Wallace-Hadrill, A. Rome’s Cultural Revolution (Cambridge 2008)
Zanker, P. The Mask of Sokrates: The Image of the Intellectual in Antiquity (Berkeley 1995), ch. 2  

There are 16-20 lectures on Hellenistic Art and Archaeology given in two independent series in Hilary Term on an alternating two-year cycle and 6 lectures on Hellenistic sanctuaries in every second Michaelmas Term. Tutorials are given through the year, and there are 4 university revision classes in Trinity Term. The course is examined by a three-hour paper at the end of the Third Year.


Gothic Art through Medieval Eyes

Course Convenor: Professor Nancy Thebaut (History of Art)

This course will consider how medieval people looked at medieval art. Focusing on art and architecture made ca. 1200-1500 in western Europe, it will  consider the ways that material, technique, style, scale, and iconography shaped their reception. Special attention will be given to the ways that medieval people understood vision to operate and how images both facilitated and structured sight. Topics will include the optics of courtly love, the dangers of errant vision, gendered modes of looking, and visionary experiences of the divine. 

The course will be taught through a series of classes together with tutorials. It is examined by a three-hour paper at the end of the Third Year.


Visual Culture in Contemporary East Asia

Course Convenor: Professor JP Park (History of Art)

During the last century, China, Japan, and Korea experienced unprecedented levels of political, cultural, economic, and social transformation that confined and defined the practice of art and the artists themselves. We will pay particular attention to the way the artists of these cultures looked at their reality for inspiration in structuring their various projects. This overlap between art and society in modern East Asian states will introduce students of art history and Asian studies to a range of thought-provoking issues: the artist’s interaction with Western styles and techniques, modernism, political ideologies, government censorship, alienation from tradition, wars, popular culture, economic development, consumerism, and twenty-first-century globalization. In this seminar, students are expected to make sharp and critical analyses of how artistic trends and the tastes were formulated and instituted at given moments of these societies’ history. While examining a variety of media including paintings, prints, sculpture, commercial advertisements, propaganda posters, performance, animation, comics, and films, this course will also introduce a variety of scholarly studies, which are built upon different academic methodologies and perspectives. No previous knowledge of Asian art or culture is necessary.

The course will be assessed by examination at the end of the Third Year.


Ancient Egyptian Art and Architecture

(FHS: Oriental Studies, Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies with Archaeology and Anthropology)

Course Convenor: Prof. Elizabeth Frood (Oriental Studies)

Suspended 2025-26

This course surveys ancient Egyptian art from around 3000 BC to Graeco-Roman times, with examples and detailed material being drawn mainly from the second half of the period. The approach ranges from discussion of the position of art in Egyptian society to detailed study of individual artefacts and types. The Egyptian collections in the Ashmolean Museum are used for part of the course. The lectures move from architecture - notably temples and tombs - within which works belonging to other genres were sited, to relief, painting, statuary, decorative and ephemeral arts, genres such as the stela and the sarcophagus, and the legacy of Egyptian art in the West. Issues raised by the material include the nature of artistic traditions, art and agency, representational forms, text and image, and approaches to iconography. Some of these are explored in lectures and in classes and tutorials. Teaching is by lectures in Michaelmas and Hilary terms of the second year, with tutorials and classes normally held in the following Trinity Term. The course is assessed by examination at the end of the Third Year.

This course is an option in the BA in Egyptology and Ancient Near Eastern Studies that is available also to Art History and to Classical Archaeology and Ancient History.


Encountering South Asian Culture

Course Convenor: Dr Mallica Kumbera Landrus (Ashmolean Museum)

Art in South Asia presents a remarkable case study in the creation of a visual vocabulary and language of meaning. Students will be encouraged to explore a range of visual material from the Indian subcontinent, its long figural tradition, the issue of an icon in the Indian context, as well as artistic versus textual traditions, besides other relevant issues. Art will act as a focus, but the function of the sculptures will in large part be the subject.

The Ashmolean collections have some of the earliest sculptures from South Asia to arrive in any Western collection. As a University Museum with sumptuous objects from India, the Ashmolean is second to none. The students will have the opportunity to use the rich resources of the Museum’s collections to explore issues surrounding the use of art within ritual and as socio-political tools in South Asia.

Although no previous experience is necessary or expected, any student who feels that they might not have the necessary background for this course is encouraged to meet with the convenor before the first class. This may simply be a matter of reassurance or to develop an additional study plan if that seems appropriate.

The course is assessed by examination at the end of the Third Year.


American art

Course Convenor: Prof Charlene Villaseñor Black

 

This course provides an introductory survey of American visual art from the colonial era to the 1960s, including painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, and prints made by artists working in the United States and American artists living abroad. The history of American art is inseparable from the political and social contexts that shaped the foundation of the United States and a burgeoning picture of national identity that artists across time sought varyingly to represent, redefine, or resist. Proceeding both thematically and chronologically, the course explores significant art historical case studies along this trajectory, including colonial strategies for mapping a "New World"; portraiture and racial politics; landscape painting and environmental conservation; photography and the industrialized image; indigenous art and sovereignty; cultural nationalism and the construction of a "usable past"; the rise of modernism and postmodernism along with artistic movements such as Abstract Expressionism, Pop art, conceptualism, and Land art. Students gain familiarity with methods of close looking, visual analysis, and material studies as well as the diverse creative traditions that enrich American art. 


Topics In Islamic Art

Course Convenor: Dr Francesca Leoni (Ashmolean)

 

Developed around the Islamic collections of the University of Oxford’s renowned museums and libraries, this paper will introduce students to some of the most topical subjects in the pre-modern Islamic artistic tradition. Each week one object will function as a “gateway” to explore a range of themes and associated issues, amongst which aniconism and figurative art; religious and secular inspiration; gender and social status; models of artistic production and patronage; art as political and ideological tool; and the relationship between text and image. Art will thus be the starting point of a rich journey designed to familiarise students with the social and cultural context of the chosen works, in addition to questions of aesthetics, style and function.

 

Classes and tutorials will take place in the museums where the objects are held, giving students a chance to explore Oxford’s unparalleled collections and use them to broaden their knowledge and appreciation of Islamic art and culture.

No prior knowledge of the subject is required. However, it is strongly recommended that students acquaint themselves with the general history of the Islamic world and its visual culture by exploring the resources listed below both prior to start of the course and before the weekly classes.


Latin American Cinema

Course Convenor: Prof. Ben Bollig, Prof. María Blanco (Modern Languages)

This paper will provide you with the opportunity to discover and explore major movements in the history of cinema in the countries of Latin America, from the golden age of narrative film in the 1940s, to the radical experiments and manifestos of the 1950s and 60s to the slick blockbusters and internationally successful co-productions of the twenty-first century, including documentaries. The course encourages comparisons between directors, movements and films from different countries, through the lens of issues such as race, class, gender, social movements, ecology, and landscape. Students may also choose to focus on specific directors, normally chosen from the following list: Emilio Fernández, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, María Luisa Bemberg, Alfonso Cuarón, Alejandro González Iñárritu, Lucrecia Martel, Fernando Meirelles, Glauber Rocha, Walter Salles, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Fernando Solanas, Pablo Larraín, Patricio Guzmán. Spanish or Portuguese are not essential requirements but students should be aware that a number of films on the filmography do not have subtitles.

 

Tabular overview of Modern Art Options available in 2025-26

Please Note: Your college tutor may wish to contact the convenor of the course for further information – please do not contact the convenor directly yourself.

Subject

Convenor

History of Art cap

Language requirements

How/ when taught in the 2nd year

How and when examined

Literature and the Visual Arts in France

Prof. Helen Swift (Modern Languages)

helen.swift@st-hildas.ox.ac.uk

None

French to A-level standard or equivalent

MT: Lectures

HT: Classes and tutorials

 

Extended essay due noon Monday Week 10, HT,

2nd year

European Cinema

Prof. Reidar Due

Magdalen College

reidar.due@magd.ox.ac.uk

4

None

MT: Lectures and screenings

HT: lectures, screenings and classes

Extended essay due noon Monday Week 10, HT,

2nd year

History and Theory of Visual Culture since 1900

Prof. Jason Gaiger

(Ruskin School of Art)

jason.gaiger@rsa.ox.ac.uk

2

None

MT, HT, TT: lectures, seminars/ classes and tutorials

Three essays of no more than 2,500 words each (including footnotes)

Visual Culture in Contemporary East Asia

Prof. JP Park

(History of Art)

jp.park@hoa.ox.ac.uk

None

None

TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

American Art

Prof. Charlene Villaseñor Black

(History of Art)

None

None

Classes and tutorials: TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year 

 

Inventing Photography

Prof. Geoffrey Batchen

(History of Art)

Geoffrey.batchen@history.ox.ac.uk

None

None

TT

3-hour paper in TT of 3rd Year

The Experience of Modernity: Visual Culture, 1880–1925

Prof. Alastair Wright

History of Art

Alastair.wright@history.ox.ac.uk

None

None

TT

3 -hour paper in TT of 3rd year

Latin American Cinema

Prof. Ben Bollig (Modern Languages

benjamin.bollig@mod-langs.ox.ac.uk

Prof. María Blanco (Modern Languages)

maria.blanco@trinity.ox.ac.uk

None

None, but students should be aware that a number of films on the filmography do not have subtitles.

Classes and tutorials: MT, HT

Assessment by essay submitted at the end of HT

 

 

The nature and purpose of Modern Art Options

History of Art undergraduates will normally take their Modern Art Option in the Second Year. There are up to seven options to choose from (depending on availability), ranging widely both geographically and chronologically. These options ensure that students will complete the degree with knowledge of a variety of historical periods and geographical areas. Since these options are offered by a wide range of schools and faculties, students will also be exposed to many different approaches to visual and material culture when taking these options, from those used by literary theorists to those deployed by contemporary art practitioners. They will enable you to study subjects in which tutors and convenors are themselves actively engaged in research, and your choice may well arouse interests that you yourself may wish to pursue subsequently, for instance, in the undergraduate thesis. However, please note that the choice of subject for your undergraduate thesis, which you will complete in the Third Year, may impose certain restrictions on the use you may make of material from the thesis in answering questions in other papers, including in the examination for the Modern Art Option. These restrictions are set out in the Regulations relating to the undergraduate thesis.

Modern Art Options are taught in a variety of ways and can include different combinations of tutorials (arranged by your college tutor), classes (arranged through the convenor of each option), lectures and film screenings. Please read the section on ‘Forms of Teaching’ in Section 2.4 for guidance on how to get the most out of these different forms of teaching. When considering your course choices, please note that some courses are offered by other departments and faculties, which may have quite different patterns of teaching and even assessment than is the case for Department of History of Art courses.

Modern Art Options are examined either in a single three-hour paper in the relevant Final Honour School at the end of Trinity Term of the Third Year or by submitting an extended essay by the end of Week 9 of Hilary Term of the Second Year. You should consult past examination papers in the subjects in which you are interested in order to gain an idea of what they involve and find out from the relevant faculty whether sample extended essay questions are available. Past exams are available in the relevant faculty or school library, in many college libraries, and on-line. Information on how to access past exam papers is available here: https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/collections-and-resources/past-exam-papers.

Only your candidate number, not your name, should appear on the title page of any extended essay submitted for the Modern Art Option. Failure to submit a required extended essay or lateness in submission are both extremely serious and can lead to outright failure of the whole examination. Where a candidate for any written examination in which a thesis (or other exercise) may be, or is required to be, submitted as part of that examination wishes on some reasonable grounds to be permitted to present such a thesis (or other exercise) later than the date prescribed by any statute, or regulation, the procedure shall be as follows:

(a) the candidate shall apply in writing through the Senior Tutor [of their college] to the Proctors for such permission enclosing the grounds for the application;

(b) the Proctors shall consult with the Chairman of Examiners about any such application and shall then decide whether or not to grant permission.

Please note: Any extended essays submitted for a Modern Art Option must conform to the standards outlined in the ‘Notes on plagiarism’ found in Section 8.2 below.

For any Modern Art Options examined by an extended essay, students must adhere to the submission, presentation, formatting and referencing criteria established by the Faculty, Department or School offering the course in question. This information can usually be found in the latest FHS Handbook of the relevant Faculty, Department or School. In the case of essays submitted for an option under the aegis of Modern Languages or the Ruskin School, the method of assessment differs in timing for History of Art students in that they are required to submit their essay in their second year of study (see Regulation).

 

Capping of Modern Art Options

Since the demand for some Modern Art Options may exceed the capacity of the relevant faculty or school to teach them, some options may be ‘capped’. This means that a ceiling has had to be placed on the number permitted to enrol in the course. Information on which options have been capped and the number of places available in each case for History of Art students can be found in the tabular overview found above. You are required to select more than one option as your first choice cannot always be guaranteed.

 

Please note: Course descriptions and details may change and students are thus advised to consult the handbooks and websites of the relevant faculties and schools (i.e., Modern Languages and the Ruskin School), as well as the latest on-line version of this Handbook via the HoA Students site of the History of Art area of Canvas. The faculties’ and schools’ handbooks and websites should also be consulted for information about bibliographies, prescribed texts and images, etc.


Literature and the Visual Arts in France

(FHS: Modern Languages, Special Subjects)

Course Convenor: Prof. Helen Swift (Modern Languages)

The paper offers students the opportunity to explore the different relations between literature and the visual arts from medieval times to the 19th century, focusing on a wide range of writers, artists and movements. Among the topics explored will be the way(s) language conveys images, and images tell stories; the uses of realism and fantasy in literature and art; and the links between word, picture and ‘message’ (including book illustration in manuscripts and early printed editions). Writers and artists examined include Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun, Guillaume de Machaut, the Limbourg brothers, Poussin, Lebrun, Watteau, Marivaux, Diderot, Greuze, David, Baudelaire, Manet, Zola and Courbet.

The course is taught through 8 lectures in Michaelmas Term; 4 seminars and (per student) 1 tutorial in Hilary Term. It is assessed by an extended essay aggregating to about 6,000 words and not exceeding 8,000 words, on a title or titles from a list circulated by examiners on the Modern Languages Canvas at 10am on the Friday of Week 5 of Hilary Term and to be delivered by noon on the Monday of Week 10 of Hilary Term of the Second Year for History of Art students.

Introductory Readings:

J.J.G. Alexander, Medieval Illuminators and their Methods of Work (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992)

Andrew Taylor, ‘Authors, scribes, patrons, books’, in The Idea of the Vernacular: An Anthology of Middle English Literary Theory, 1280-1520, ed. Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, Nicholas Watson, Ruth Evans, and Andrew Taylor (Philadelphia: Penn State University Press, 1999), pp. 353-65

Alain Mérot (ed), Les Conférences de l’Académie Royale de peintre et de sculpture (2003)

Jacquline Lichtenstein, La couleur éloquente (1989)

Denis Diderot, Salons (especially 1761–67)

Philip Conisbee, Painting in Eighteenth-Century France (1981)

Louis Hautecoeur, Littérature et peinture en France du XVIIIe au XXe siècles (1963)

Baudelaire, Curiosités esthétiques (collected as Critique d’art, Folio)

J.A. Hiddleston, Baudelaire and the Art of Memory (1999)

Scott, David H.T., Pictorialist Poetics: Poetry and the Visual Arts in Nineteenth-Century France (1988)

Peter Collier and Ross Lethbridge (eds), Artistic Relations: Literature and the Visual Arts in Nineteenth-Century France (1994)

Zola, Le Ventre de Paris, and L’Œuvre, plus his art criticism, Ecrits sur l’art

William J. Berg, The Visual Novel: Zola and the Art of his Times (1992).


EUROPEAN CINEMA

(FHS: Modern Languages, Special Subjects)

Course Convenor: Prof Reidar Due (Magdalen College)

The course, which runs over Michaelmas and Hilary Terms, provides an introduction to methods and issues of film criticism, and to the work of some of the most important European filmmakers. Students will be encouraged to consider formal thematic and historical aspects of a range of European films (all screened in subtitled versions).

The first term outlines European art cinema from 1920 to the 1970s, focusing on the great movements—Russian formalism, German expressionism, Italian neo-realism, French New Wave, presenting the main concepts of film form and introducing each of the chosen films in its historical context.  The lectures and seminars in Hilary Term will focus on European cinema from the 1970s to the present, including countries not discussed in the first term. 

The course is taught through lectures and screenings held across 8 weeks in Michaelmas Term and 5 weeks in Hilary Term.  In Hilary Term the lectures and screenings are accompanied by weekly seminars in which students will be divided into two smaller groups and each student will give a presentation on one of the films screened that term, normally in pairs.  Students will need to attend both lectures and classes, are encouraged to attend the screenings, as well as produce one presentation during the second term. It is assessed by an extended essay aggregating to about 6,000 words and not exceeding 8,000 words, on a title or titles from a list circulated by examiners on the Modern Languages WebLearn at 10am on the Friday of Week 5 of Hilary Term and to be delivered by noon on the Monday of Week 10 of Hilary Term of the Second Year for History of Art students.

Introductory Readings:

John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson (eds), The Oxford Guide to Film Studies.

Robert Lapsley and Michael Westlake, Film Theory: An Introduction, 1988.

Gerald Mast, Marshall Cohen, Leo Braudy (eds), Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings, 1974.

Susan Hayward, Key Concepts in Cinema Studies, 1996.


VISUAL CULTURE IN CONTEMPORARY EAST ASIA

Course Convenor: Professor JP Park (History of Art)

During the last century, China, Japan, and Korea experienced unprecedented levels of political, cultural, economic, and social transformation that confined and defined the practice of art and the artists themselves. We will pay particular attention to the way the artists of these cultures looked at their reality for inspiration in structuring their various projects. This overlap between art and society in modern East Asian states will introduce students of art history and Asian studies to a range of thought-provoking issues: the artist’s interaction with Western styles and techniques, modernism, political ideologies, government censorship, alienation from tradition, wars, popular culture, economic development, consumerism, and twenty-first-century globalization. In this seminar, students are expected to make sharp and critical analyses of how artistic trends and the tastes were formulated and instituted at given moments of these societies’ history. While examining a variety of media including paintings, prints, sculpture, commercial advertisements, propaganda posters, performance, animation, comics, and films, this course will also introduce a variety of scholarly studies, which are built upon different academic methodologies and perspectives. No previous knowledge of Asian art or culture is necessary.

The course is assessed by examination at the end of the Third Year.


History and Theory of Visual Culture since 1900

Course Convenor: Prof. Jason Gaiger (Ruskin School of Art)

 Please note: ‘History and Theory of Visual Culture since 1900’ (formerly ‘Modernism and After’) is the generic title used to encompass the courses in history and theory offered at the Ruskin School; any Art History student who takes the course will be expected to follow the same set of 3 courses as Ruskin Second Year students:

Lectures will take place on Wednesday mornings at 11am. Follow-up seminars will take place on Wednesday afternoons from 2–5 pm.   Course guides and related readings are made available on Canvas for enrolled students. Reading material is also provided on a display stand in the Ruskin Library.  Set texts for each of the seminars must be read in advance. 

History of Art students are assessed based on three essays of no more than 2,500 words each (including footnotes) on aspects of the history and theory of visual culture since 1900. The essays are submitted in the Second Year. One essay must be submitted not later than noon on the Friday of the ninth week of the Michaelmas Full Term in the academic year preceding the examination, one essay must be submitted not later than noon on the Friday of the ninth week of the Hilary Full Term in the academic year preceding the examination, and one essay must be submitted not later than noon on the Friday of the ninth week of the Trinity Full Term in the academic year preceding the examination. 


American art, 1560 – 1960s

Course Convenor: Prof. Charlene Villaseñor Black

Please note: This option can only be taken for this paper if it is not also taken as a student’s Classical, Pre-Modern and Non-Western Art Option.

This course provides an introductory survey of American visual art from the colonial era to the 1960s, including painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, and prints made by artists working in the United States and American artists living abroad. The history of American art is inseparable from the political and social contexts that shaped the foundation of the United States and a burgeoning picture of national identity that artists across time sought varyingly to represent, redefine, or resist. Proceeding both thematically and chronologically, the course explores significant art historical case studies along this trajectory, including colonial strategies for mapping a "New World"; portraiture and racial politics; landscape painting and environmental conservation; photography and the industrialized image; indigenous art and sovereignty; cultural nationalism and the construction of a "usable past"; the rise of modernism and postmodernism along with artistic movements such as Abstract Expressionism, Pop art, conceptualism, and Land art. Students gain familiarity with methods of close looking, visual analysis, and material studies as well as the diverse creative traditions that enrich American art. 


INVENTING PHOTOGRAPHY

Course Convenor: Prof. Geoffrey Batchen (History of Art)

This course will set out to examine two origin stories simultaneously: one concerns the invention of photography, a process that we will trace from the late eighteenth century up until about 1850, and the other, the invention of a history to explain this process, a discursive effort that first emerges in 1839, when photography was announced, and continues up until today. Photography’s conception and realisation depended on a confluence of profound social, cultural, and technological changes, including revolutionary developments in the experience of time, space, and subjectivity. Photography’s historisation depends on the priorities of the historian, be they nationalist, biographical, technological, or philosophical. A close examination of photographs in Oxford collections will be accompanied by a critical study of historical texts about such photographs. How should one write a history of photography’s invention and what is at stake in any attempt to do so? Where and when does photography begin (and end)? Participants in this class will seek some answers.

The course is assessed by examination at the end of the Third Year.


THE EXPERIENCE OF MODERNITY: VISUAL CULTURE 1880–1925

Course Convenor: Prof. Alastair Wright (History of Art)

The course will examine how European artists grappled with modernity between c.1880 (the moment of the ‘Impressionist Crisis’) and c.1924 (the year of Breton’s Surrealist Manifesto).  During the later 19th and early 20th centuries a range of social and ideological formations emerged that constitute the ground of what we now recognize as modernity.  The period bore witness to the rapid growth and transformation of the great Western metropolises; increasing industrialization; the expansion of consumer and leisure culture; the final expansion of the European colonial empires; and the emergence of mass cultural and political formations, both reactionary and revolutionary.  Concentrating on Paris and other centres of European artistic production, we will examine how artists developed new pictorial forms and strategies capable of capturing their experience of the shifting cultural and political environments within which they worked.

The course is assessed by examination at the end of the Third Year.


Latin American Cinema

Course Convenor: Prof. Ben Bollig, Prof. María Blanco (Modern Languages)

There is a Canvas page for this paper: https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/65298

This paper will provide you with the opportunity to discover and explore major movements in the history of cinema in the countries of Latin America, from the golden age of narrative film in the 1940s, to the radical experiments and manifestos of the 1950s and 60s to the slick blockbusters and internationally successful co-productions of the twenty-first century, including documentaries. The course encourages comparisons between directors, movements and films from different countries, through the lens of issues such as race, class, gender, social movements, ecology, and landscape. Students may also choose to focus on specific directors, normally chosen from the following list: Emilio Fernández, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, María Luisa Bemberg, Alfonso Cuarón, Alejandro González Iñárritu, Lucrecia Martel, Fernando Meirelles, Glauber Rocha, Walter Salles, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Fernando Solanas, Pablo Larraín, Patricio Guzmán. Spanish or Portuguese are not essential requirements but students should be aware that a number of films on the filmography do not have subtitles.

Assessment takes the form of a portfolio of two essays, one of which must be comparative (i.e. dealing with more than one film) and at least one of which will usually be on one of the films listed in the course filmography. In the work submitted for assessment, students must show detailed knowledge of film material from at least two Latin American countries as well as showing evidence of having studied film theory and analysis.

 

Tabular overview of Special Subjects currently available in 2024–25

Please note: Your college tutor may wish to contact the convenor of the course for further information – please do not contact the convenor directly yourself.

Subject

Convenor

History of Art cap

Language requirements

Politics, Art and Culture in the Italian Renaissance: Venice and Florence, c.1475–1525

 

Prof. Natalia Nowakowska

History Faculty and St Edmund Hall

natalia.nowakowska@some.ox.ac.uk

5

None

English Architecture, 1660–1720

 

Prof. Brian Young
History Faculty and Christ Church

brian.young@history.ox.ac.uk

4

None

Art and its Public in France, 1815–67

 

Prof. Jane Garnett
History Faculty and

Wadham College

jane.garnett@history.ox.ac.uk

Suspended 2024-25

3

French to good reading standard

Pop and the Art of the Sixties

Prof. Alastair Wright

St John’s College

alastair.wright@hoa.ox.ac.uk

6

None

Art and Politics: Class and Power in Chinese Art

Professor JP Park

Lincoln College

Jp.park@hoa.ox.ac.uk

4

None

Art and the Invention of Race

Prof. Cora Gilroy-Ware

History of Art and

St Peter’s College

Cora.gilroyware@history.ox.ac.uk

Suspended 2024-25

6

None

 

The nature and purpose of Special Subjects

Special Subjects are normally studied by History of Art students in Michaelmas Term of their Third Year. The intention of the Special Subjects is to bring you face to face with the original sources on which historical and art historical scholarship is based, and to encourage you to arrive at your own conclusions as a result of detailed study of this primary evidence. There will be up to seven Special Subjects for you to choose from, depending on availability. The list of courses currently available is subject to change before you commence your Third Year; you will be advised by the FHS Coordinator when making your choices in the preceding Hilary Term. All of the courses will enable you to study at first hand fields of research in which Faculty members themselves often have a direct, active interest and you may well find yourself identifying new lines of enquiry within the field.  (It is by no means uncommon for undergraduates to go on to doctoral research in the field of their Special Subject.) Working on the Special Subject in Michaelmas Term of your third year, together with researching and writing your thesis in the following term, should be the most intensive and quite possibly also the most enjoyable experience of your undergraduate career.

Special Subjects are usually taught in a combination of six tutorials (arranged by your college tutors) and eight university classes (arranged through the Faculty by the Convenor for the Subject). Each class is taken by one or two Faculty members who are experts in the field, sometimes assisted by graduate students researching relevant topics. Either tutorials or classes should provide you with two opportunities to discuss your extended essay topic. The classes provide an invaluable opportunity to learn the skills of working effectively in a group; during the course of the term’s classes you will normally be expected to write and deliver at least one paper, to open the class discussion. Please read the section on ‘Forms of Teaching’ in Section 2.4 for guidance on how to get the most out of class teaching. Revision teaching is not provided for Special Subjects.

Special Subjects are examined in two papers in the Final Honour School. Paper I, taken at the end of the Trinity Term, consists of passages for comment (‘gobbets’), taken from the prescribed documents; in almost all cases you are required to complete twelve such commentaries. The object of this paper is to test your understanding of the documents, and ability to interrelate them in order to explain their significance. Paper II consists of an extended essay of 6,000 words – including references but excluding bibliography. Examiners will provide a list of eight possible essay topics by Friday of Week 4 of the Michaelmas Term when the course is being taught. Students will select one question and will have the opportunity to work on this during the second half of the term and over the Christmas vacation. The tutor or class teacher is permitted to read and comment on a plan, but not a complete draft, of the essay. The essay must be submitted electronically by 12 noon on Friday of Week 0 of the following Hilary Term. Guidance on the submission method will be provided. Candidates will be expected to show familiarity with all relevant prescribed texts and the secondary reading, and to use these as the basis of the essay. It is not intended that the extended essay should be a second thesis, requiring an elaborate, independent bibliography of primary and secondary sources, but that it should demonstrate in-depth understanding of the range and relevance of the Special Subject as established through the prescribed texts and Faculty bibliography.

Please note: For all information on the teaching and examination of Special Subjects, please refer to the relevant History Faculty Canvas site: https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/22234/pages/special-subject-paper-options?module_item_id=209553

Advice on the presentation and submission of extended essays in the Special Subject is issued by the History Faculty. All queries should be directed to undergraduate.office@history.ox.ac.uk.

 

Capping of Special Subjects

Since the demand for some Special Subjects may exceed the capacity of the Faculty to teach them, some subjects may be ‘capped’. This means that a ceiling has had to be placed on the number permitted to enrol in the course. Information on which Special Subjects have been capped and the number of places available in each case for History of Art students can be found in the tabular overview of Special Subjects above. You are required to select more than one option as your first choice cannot always be guaranteed.

 

One of the two papers by which the Special Subject is examined requires the candidates to write a series of commentaries on short extracts from the prescribed sources (visual as well as textual). For most History of Art undergraduates, the first encounter with this style of examination will be in the ‘gobbet paper’ (Paper I) of the Special Subject.

The most obvious point to bear in mind is that a gobbet is not a mini-essay: an extract from a letter concerning a painting in China in 1600 should not be taken as an invitation to discuss generally the larger issues of the market for art in the Ming period. Not only will it be judged irrelevant by the examiners, but an over-broad discussion will inevitably require more time for writing than you have available.  For the second point about gobbet papers is that the majority require commentaries to be written on twelve extracts. This means a maximum of fifteen minutes per extract, which, for most students, will allow no more than one side, at most one-and-a-half sides, of writing. If you spend twenty minutes on each extract you will end up with nine rather than twelve gobbets at the end of three hours, and short-weight document papers in which entire answers are missing will pull the overall mark down particularly seriously.

The writing of gobbets involves meeting a number of distinct but overlapping requirements.

Immediate context. You should demonstrate familiarity with the document or source from which the extract is drawn. In the case of an image this will involve demonstrating knowledge either of the image itself (a picture, architectural detail or other object), or the larger object (building or painting) from which the image may be a detail.

  1. The exam paper will frequently give you the basic information about the provenance of the extract (‘Guicciardini, History of Italy’) so reiterating this in your answer will not impress. You should aim to locate the extract or image by demonstrating that you know about the general content of the letter, document or object. You should show with reasonable precision where the specific passage falls within the letter or document, or – if appropriate – how the given image relates to its context. It certainly isn’t necessary to quote verbatim other sections from the document: knowledge of content is more important than demonstrating photographic memory.
  2. Beyond this specific identification, is the extract representative of the wider document/image, or does it reveal something which is subsidiary to or distinctive from the rest of the text?
  3. In some cases it may be necessary to explain particular words or names within an extract to show that you understand either their technical meaning or their meaning in this specific context (‘republic’ used in Florence c.1500; ‘history painting’ used in 19th-century France). This is especially the case if the extract is in a foreign language and a particular phrase or word is unusual or potentially ambiguous. It is however unnecessary and a waste of time simply to describe what is said or depicted in the extract or the image in your own words: ‘In this extract Nicholas Hawksmoor is writing to Lord Carlisle about Castle Howard…’, etc.
  4. It may also be necessary to explain (briefly) any unusual institutional references either in the text or involved in the authorship. No one would expect you to explain what the Paris Salon was, but the national competition/concours national for the image of the Republic in 1848 would be a different matter.

 

Clarification of the extract. There are numerous types of document (or images) contained in collections of Special Subject sources, and these will have been written (or depicted) in different styles and will have different purposes and audiences in mind. It is important to identify the type of document from which the extract is taken, and this will raise questions about the intentions of the author(s), the nature of the intended audience, and the relationship of the author to an understanding of any particular bias or argument in the extract.

  1. Formal legislation and constitutional documents are intended for publication or permanent record, usually a deliberate statement of the outward intentions of an authority and intended for public dissemination. Obvious questions concern the context in which the legislation was promulgated: if the document appears to represent a clear response to a perceived problem, was this reflected in discussion surrounding its formulation?
  2. Extracts from letters usually require consideration of both the correspondent and the recipient. Do we know about their previous relationship – are they close friends, colleagues/political allies or enemies? Does the style reinforce either intimacy or formality? Does anything in the biography of the author or recipient, or previous contact between the two, contribute to our understanding of the extract? (e.g. in appreciating a level of bias or partisanship in the account.)
  3. Extracts from diaries and memoirs. Are these genuinely private accounts of events, or intended for wider dissemination? If the latter, are they written to conceal, rather than elucidate, the real issues? Was the extract written at the time or years later?  What purpose did the author have in writing this account?
  4. Images of paintings, sculptures and buildings. At what point was the image made, by whom and for whom? It is important to establish whether the image (a sketch, formal drawing or an engraving, for example) is an early draft or plan by the author of the finished object, whether it was a proposal or plan by another person subsequently adapted or borrowed by the author, or indeed whether the image corresponds to an actual object at all. An early sketch or plan may have been substantially modified on the wishes of the patron or by the changing perceptions/aims of the artist. A present-day image of the object will raise questions about later changes from the original (and about the effect of the mode of reproduction on how the object is seen). A critical comment on an image should address analogous questions to those considered in a critique of a passage of written text. Begin with the object itself, its materiality, technique and style. Then use complementary evidence (visual and textual) to contextualise the image and to amplify your examination of the particular value and significance of the image in question.

 

Broader Context of the Extract. The two obvious concerns here are cross-referencing to other sources, and the extent to which the particular passage or image can tell us about certain themes of wider interest in the period.

i.     Cross-referencing may be to other extracts which you have already discussed in the same paper, or, more usually, to other prescribed documents. Examiners of the gobbet paper are looking for evidence of a comprehensive knowledge of the set texts, and for sensitivity to different accounts and approaches to the same historical issue or event. Without feeling obliged to provide extensive quotations, the ability to demonstrate familiarity with other writings by the same author, to cite other accounts of the same issue which may confirm or contradict this account, other examples of a similar style, or other documents which develop and elaborate upon the theme or the event, are all important in persuading an examiner to award high marks for a gobbet.

ii.    Reference to Wider themes, while avoiding the dangers of writing a mini-essay, is strongly desirable. In the case of images of buildings, paintings or sculptures it is obviously desirable to discuss the purposes for which they were commissioned or created, what, if anything, they were replacing, and whether they fit into a wider pattern of patronage and construction.  In the case of documents (and indeed many images) it’s worth bearing in mind that examiners are likely to have chosen a particular extract for a purpose, and frequently to illustrate the kind of themes that may have been discussed in classes or essays. An extract may have a specific context, but may also say something important about a larger theme, whether this is social mobility, power in the localities, the influence of patrons on works of art, or factional struggle within regimes.  You should certainly show that you recognize the relevance of the extract to these themes.

 

In General:

Do bear in mind that you are working against the clock, and that concision is essential. Try to start the gobbet punchily, and get to the point quickly without wasting time on extraneous introductory paragraphs.

Do be specific at all times – authorship, importance of date, and significance of style and content. Uncertainty about the rest of the document from which the extract is taken or about historical context emerge with brutal clarity in gobbets. If you don’t know where the extract came from, you shouldn’t attempt to discuss it. There is no getting round the fact that the best route to writing gobbets is to know the prescribed texts and images very well indeed.

Do have a clearly organised set of points arising from and illuminating the gobbet. You should aim to show the examiner that you know why the given extract or image was important enough to feature in the exam paper. There is no mechanical formula or sequence which should be observed in discussing the extract’s specific location in the broader document, the issues arising from style, content and authorship, and/or wider issues raised by the gobbet.

Do try to conclude the gobbet with a forceful point – whether about the wider relevance of the extract, similarities/differences with respect to other accounts of the same event, or something that it reveals about the character or motivation of the author/artist/patron.

Don’t waste time summarizing the previous points in a concluding paragraph; you should be focusing on the next extract.

 

In addition to the gobbets paper – for which see earlier in this Section – the Special Subject is assessed by an extended essay, submitted at the beginning of the Hilary Term of the Third Year. Like everything you write at Oxford, the extended essay should be written in good English; it should engage effectively with the topic set, and present a clearly structured argument supported by accurate and well-selected evidence. It is important to recognise at the outset, however, that writing a Special Subject extended essay is a very different exercise to anything you are likely to have done before. It is certainly not just another routine, if slightly longer, tutorial essay. Tutorial essays are written as part of your preparation for the FHS examinations; and they do not contribute directly to your degree result. The extended essay does form part of the final assessment, and at present contributes one-seventh of the marks for your degree. So it is an important piece of work, and one that deserves your serious attention.

The extended essay is also obviously different from the thesis that you will already be working on in the Third Year. The extended essay does, like the thesis, require you to produce a substantial piece of work; and it must be properly presented and referenced. But it is shorter than the thesis, and it must answer a question set by the examiners, rather than deal with a topic you have chosen for yourself. It is prepared with the benefit of a full set of associated lectures and/or classes and tutorials, and must demonstrate a good knowledge and understanding of the appropriate prescribed texts for the Special Subject (as well of course as the relevant secondary literature). That is not to say that you may not also study and discuss other sources if they too are relevant: your tutor will give you advice and guidance on this.

Your essay may be discussed by a tutor either in tutorials or in classes (but not both). In the former case, two of your six tutorials should be devoted to the extended essay; these tutorials may be divided into half-tutorials for individual students. When tutors prefer to use classes, you should similarly have two opportunities to discuss your essay. Tutors are allowed to assist students with their essay by discussing the choice of question to be answered, providing additional bibliographic information, talking through arguments, and advising on presentation. They are permitted to read and comment on a plan of the essay. But they may not see or read any text, or comment on any drafts of the essay.

Remember that you must avoid any obvious duplication of material or argument between your extended essay and any thesis you write.

Timetable and presentation

The examiners will publish a set of questions for each Special Subject in Week 4 of Michaelmas Term. Students therefore have the second half of that term and the Christmas Vacation to complete the essay, which must be typed or word-processed. It should be no longer than 6,000 words, including footnotes but excluding the bibliography. This is likely to amount to 18 pages of text (excluding the bibliography) when the essay is printed, as it should be double-spaced on A4 paper.

It is not essential for the extended essay to be divided into separate chapters, or to include a formal preface or introduction. But you may well want to make use of subheadings within the essay, to indicate to the reader the shape and progress of your argument. A bibliography is essential, however. This should list everything that you have cited in the essay (both primary and secondary sources), and anything that has influenced your argument in a significant way; but it need not refer to every book or article you have read while producing it. You will also need to include a list of images if you have included these.

It is important to follow the Faculty guidelines on presentation when preparing the extended essay.

The essay must be submitted electronically by 12 noon on Thursday of Week 0 of the following Hilary Term. Guidance on the submission method will be provided.

 

Please note: The History Canvas site provides the most up-to-date information about bibliographies, and prescribed texts and images for History Special Subjects:

https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/22234/pages/special-subject-paper-options?module_item_id=209553


Politics, Art and Culture in the Italian Renaissance: Venice and Florence, c. 1475–1525

Course Convenor: Prof. Natalia Nowakowska (Somerville) 

https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/21303

The city-republics of Venice and Florence around 1500 have continued ever since to influence both the political and the visual culture of the western world. Each experimented with republican ideals, and each produced powerful myths, in text and image, of its own significance. Both, additionally, claimed a cultural primacy based on artistic styles. Most potent has been Giorgio Vasari’s triumphalist account of Florentine art: the course gives an opportunity to dissect this influential Tuscan myth, and to compare it with its Venetian rival. The prescribed sources include both art writing of the period and a number of paintings. The course is not confined to the ‘high’ arts, and embraces a broader view of material culture, taking into consideration the market for objects and their social uses. Social distinctions (and their visual markers) will be studied, particularly in relation to gender and to migrant communities. The set texts additionally focus questions about the true relationship of Renaissance culture to Antiquity, the place of religion in this supposedly secularizing society, and changing views of human nature.

Please note: The textual sources are set in English translation. Most are currently in print; a copy of each will be available at the reserve desk of the History Faculty Library. The visual sources are all paintings normally on public display in the National Gallery in London; for convenient reference they may be found illustrated in C. Baker and T. Henry, eds., The National Gallery: Complete Illustrated Catalogue (London: National Gallery Publications, 1995), and fuller descriptions are published in the catalogues by M. Davies, The Earlier Italian Schools (London: National Gallery Publications, 1961) and C. Gould, The Sixteenth-Century Italian Schools (London: National Gallery Publications, 1975).


ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, 1660‑1720

Course Convenor: Prof Brian Young (St. John’s)

https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/21305

This subject deals with an outstanding period in the history of English architecture – that of Wren, Hawksmoor, Talman and Vanburgh: the period generally known as that of ‘the English Baroque’. It saw the building of St. Paul’s Cathedral, the London churches, Greenwich Hospital, several royal palaces, most notably Hampton Court, the remodelling of the State Apartments at Windsor, and many important country houses, including Blenheim, Chatsworth and Castle Howard. Besides documents relating to the design and construction of these buildings and to the architectural thought of the time, the set texts include contemporary engravings and architectural drawings. Interior decoration and garden design may also be studied. The graphic side of the subject is as important as the documentary, and a good visual memory is desirable. No technical knowledge of architecture is necessary and the requisite knowledge of the classical orders and of foreign influences is not difficult to acquire. It is, however, important to visit a number of buildings in London and elsewhere, many of which are open to the public only during the summer months, and candidates choosing this subject are advised to set aside part of the Long Vacation for the purpose: a list of the main buildings to be visited is distributed in the briefing session at the end of the Trinity Term, which all candidates should attend.


Art and Its Public in France, 1815-67 (suspended 2024-25)

Course Convenor: Prof. Jane Garnett (Wadham College)

https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/21307

This Special Subject is designed to enable students to study a wide range of artistic production in France in the period from the post-Napoleonic restoration to the international exhibition in Paris of 1867. This is an exciting period, in which most of the contours of French artistic life were subject to debate, and in which artists responded closely to contemporary political and social developments. In turn, reviews of salon exhibitions and art criticism in general provided a context for lively discussion of aesthetic and ideological concerns. The role of the state – as patron and arbiter of artistic production – was contested, as were the structures of artistic education; a series of political revolutions was refracted in visual culture; urbanization raised questions about landscape and the relations between town and country, and provided new theatres for visual display.

 Our principles of selection of texts and images have been the following: we have wanted so far as possible, to choose substantial texts with which you can engage from different angles. Delacroix’s journal and Baudelaire’s critical writings are intended as over-arching sources, with relevance to all seven of the themes into which we have divided the course. Both of these central texts are prescribed in English; the other texts are set in French. As result of Francis Haskell’s work, the Department of the History of Art and the Sackler Library together contain an unrivalled collection of salon criticism and other primary material, as well as an extensive body of high-quality black and white photographs of paintings and sculptures of the period from which you can work. You will have CDs containing all the prescribed images and other related images, as a ‘virtual gallery’ from which to work. You are also encouraged to go to see many of the relevant original works, many of which are in Paris, Lille or London, and are thus relatively easily accessible. The Print Room of the Ashmolean is also an important resource.


POP AND THE ART OF THE 60s

Course Convenor: Dr Alastair Wright

https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/24965

The course will examine aspects of Pop Art and other related art movements from the later 1950s to the early 1970s. The primary focus will be on British and American Pop Art, but attention will also be given to developments in other sites (e.g. France, South America, Asia). Prescribed materials will include both texts and numerous images. Prescribed texts will include the writings of artists and critics and period discussions of issues ranging from the mass media to the Vietnam War. Topics will include the relationship between art and mass culture; the avant-garde’s relationship with and/or contestation of the art market; art’s engagement with race, gender, and sexual orientation and the important role played by female, BME and queer artists; and the impact of May 1968 and the Vietnam War on art.


Art and Politics: Class and Power in Chinese Art

Course Convenor: Professor JP Park

https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/100333

This course is designed not only to present a survey of Chinese art but also to provide students with a chance to learn how to read social programs of Chinese history represented in visual language. In order to do this, the course asks students to think of questions, such as “Why does a particular artifact look the way it does?” “Who made it and who obtained it?” “Where was it displayed and for what purpose?” “Who decided what was acceptable and who, if anyone, challenged established styles of production?” Rather than seeing artwork as a passive indicator of changing artistic norms and paradigms, students will learn to interpret images and art critical writing as vehicles through which diverse social groups negotiate competing values and social norms. The issues of power, class, taste, gender, political debate, social criticism, and public opinions throughout Chinese history will be discussed in the class in order to let students understand that art and society are not two separate entities, but they are related to each other in many ways.

The knowledge obtained through addressing these questions will then lead students to a better understanding of Chinese art and society where art functioned as a site for social and political negotiation. In short, this course will teach students how to read social history from art works. The primary materials of investigation in the class will be paintings, but other visual media such as sculpture, crafts, book illustrations, photography, and even consumer products will also be incorporated into the discussion. A range of scholarly studies will be introduced, which are built upon different academic methodologies and perspectives. No previous knowledge of Chinese Art History or History is necessary. 


Art and the Invention of Race (Suspended 2024-25)

Course Convenor: Prof Cora Gilroy-Ware (St Peter’s College)

https://canvas.ox.ac.uk/courses/145713

For centuries, art and visual culture have worked together with economic, scientific, political and religious factors to shape and re-shape what we call ‘race’. While scholars continue to debate the precise origin point and geographical location for the invention of racial difference, this course takes a less comprehensive view. Focusing on the Anglo-American world, we will look at a series of interconnected episodes in this complex history, exploring art’s often underappreciated role in bringing forth, nourishing and sustaining hierarchies based on skin colour and ancestry.

Dating from the mid 18th to the early 20th century, prescribed materials include images of paintings, sculptures, prints and photographs, which will be analysed alongside a variety of contemporaneous written texts, from cultural criticism to scientific literature, novellas and plays. We will begin by looking at the fabrication of Whiteness via oil paint, specifically portraits of female sitters. We will go on to examine the role of satire in sharpening racial divisions before looking at the emergence of racial science, sculpture and polychromy, the fashion for the American Indian figure, racial ambiguity, and the use of the camera to unsettle stereotypical images established in traditional media. We will end with a consideration of how the racialised myths and fantasies we have explored in previous weeks are intimately entangled with the emergence of Art History as an academic discipline. 

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Please note: Some guidelines in this Section will differ to those issued by the main History Faculty. Please follow the instructions contained in this Handbook.

General Information

Every undergraduate taking the BA (Hons) in History of Art must submit a thesis as part of the fulfilment of his or her Final Examination. In the course of Trinity Term of the Second Year, students are required to attend a preparatory class arranged by the Undergraduate History of Art Thesis Coordinator, meet with their college tutors, and have one meeting with their specialist adviser in order to discuss a possible thesis topic (see Timetable below).

The thesis, which will represent a single unit in the Final Honours Examination and one seventh of the total marks, should not be longer than 12,000 words, including footnotes, but excluding title, bibliography, captions, list of illustrations, illustrations, table of contents, acknowledgments and, in cases for which specific permission has been obtained from the Chairman of Examiners, appendices. When passages are quoted in a language other than English and an English translation provided, only the original quotation and not the translation should be counted towards the word limit.

All theses must be submitted electronically not later than noon on Friday of Week 8 of the Hilary term of the final year of the Final Honour School using the approved online submission system. Procedures governing this process will be published by the Board. The University's regulations on late submission of work will apply.

Guidance for the online submission method will be provided. Failure to submit a thesis or lateness in submission are both extremely serious. If a thesis is submitted late and without explanation, it may not be marked; this can result in outright failure of the entire examination. Where a candidate for any written examination in which a thesis (or other exercise) may be, or is required to be, submitted as part of that examination wishes on some reasonable grounds to be permitted to present such a thesis (or other exercise) later than the date prescribed by any statute, or regulation, the procedure shall be as follows:

            a) the candidate shall apply in writing through the Senior Tutor [of his/her college] to the Proctors for such permission enclosing the grounds for the application;

b) the Proctors shall consult the Chairman of Examiners about any such application and shall then decide whether or not to grant permission.

Each thesis must include a bibliography, listing all materials, documents, books and articles used in its preparation, and a list of illustrations. The bibliography should give clear and accurate details of locations, places and dates of publication. Only primary and secondary works actually read should be included. In the text, all quotations or evidence or ideas derived directly from books, articles or documents should be acknowledged precisely in footnote references. Advice on appropriate style of bibliography, references and the list of illustrations will be found below in Section 3. These issues will also be discussed in a preparatory class organised by the Undergraduate Thesis Coordinator in Hilary Term of the Third Year. Poor presentation in these matters (for instance, the inability of examiners to identify a book, locate a quotation or identify an image) may be penalised.

Any type of plagiarism must be avoided. (See Section 2 below for ‘Notes on plagiarism’.)

The student should not make substantial use of the material submitted in their thesis in answering questions on other papers in the Final Honours School and should avoid any obvious duplication of material and/or arguments between the thesis and the Special Subject extended essay.

All Undergraduate theses and Special Subject extended essays must be double spaced with a left-hand margin of one-and-a-half inches and all other margins of at least one inch. A typeface of 11-point or greater must be used. Only your candidate number, not your name, should appear on the title-page of any thesis or extended essay submitted.

 

Timetable

Please note: The following timetable is for guidance only. There will be opportunities to consult with your college tutor, the Undergraduate Thesis Coordinator and your expert supervisor about your choice of topic. However, please note that, in the interests of parity of treatment and opportunity, students should not have more than five hours of meetings with their expert supervisors in total and supervisors should look at no more than one draft of the thesis. As noted above, each student will be expected to sign a certificate to this effect when submitting his or her thesis.

Trinity Term, Second Year

• As part of the Second Year cohort meeting at the start of term the Undergraduate Thesis Coordinator will discuss the thesis, including advice on how to go about choosing a topic, how to plan summer research, etc. Students should hold an initial meeting with their college tutor early in the term to discuss potential topics.

• By the end of Week 4, students should have develope a potential topic (or at the very least a well defined area of interest) in consultation with their college tutor. By 12pm on Friday of Week 4 students will submit (to admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk) a description of their proposed project (max 250 words). This will be a work in progress, but should ideally include: a defined chronological and/or geographical area or medium or theme; an example of the types of objects to be studied; the key questions; an overview of the resources to be used. On the basis of this document the Undergraduate Thesis Coordinator will assign a provisional expert supervisor with whom the project description will be shared.

• In Weeks 5–7, students should have their first meeting with the expert supervisor, at which a preliminary title should be decided upon and a preliminary bibliography of summer reading and (if appropriate) archival or site-based research should be developed.

• In Week 7 or 8, students should meet with their college tutor to confirm the choice of title and the expert supervisor.

Summer Vacation, Second Year

Students should spend some time investigating the archival, and bibliographic resources for the thesis, checking that there are no unexpected problems and that the subject is both practical and makes sense in terms of the resources available. If appropriate, students may also choose to visit sites or museums related to their proposed topic. Students undertaking a topic requiring archival or in situ work away from Oxford (especially abroad), which it may not be possible to complete during term-time, may decide to conduct the bulk of their thesis research during the summer vacation.

Michaelmas Term, Third Year

• At the beginning-of-term meeting with their college tutors, students should report informally on their summer work on the thesis.
• By mid-term, students should have another meeting with their expert supervisors to report more formally on their summer reconnaissance. Students should draft a short, typed synopsis of the thesis topic and proposed method of investigation (no more than 250 words) for the supervisor, which will need to be included with the title in the formal submission in Week 8.

• By the Friday of Week 8 of Michaelmas Term of the Third Year, students must submit the final proposed title, plus a 250-word synopsis, to the Chair of the Examiners for the Honour School of History of Art, c/o the History of Art Manager, The Department of History of Art. This should be signed by the student and by his/her supervisor. Submission instructions will be provided.

Hilary Term, Third Year

The Chairman of Examiners will give formal notification whether or not the title has been approved by the first Monday of Hilary Term of the Third Year. Any subsequent changes to the title will require formal application and subsequent approval by noon on the Friday of Week 4 of Hilary Term of the Third Year to the Chair of Examiners, c/o the History of Art Manager, The Department of History of Art. A new abstract is not required at this stage, just a brief explanation for the change. It does need to be signed off by your supervisor; by email attached to the form is acceptable.

• Students will use this term to work primarily on the thesis. There will normally be a further three meetings with the expert supervisor during the term at which bibliographical, structural, and other problems can be discussed, and a first draft of the thesis commented on, but not corrected in matters of detail and presentation, by the supervisor. The draft is usually discussed at the final meeting with the supervisor, which will normally be the fifth one. As noted in the Regulations, the total hours spent discussing the thesis with the supervisor should not, in any case, be more than five, including any meetings previously held in Trinity Term of the Second Year or Michaelmas Term of the Third Year.

• At mid-term, the Undergraduate Thesis Coordinator will hold a class for all Third-Year students to discuss the mechanics of preparing the thesis.

• In Weeks 4–6 (date to be confirmed), BA Thesis Symposium, at which all students will be expected to give 10-minute presentations on their theses in the Department of History of Art Lecture Theatre.

• Monday of Week 8, recommended deadline for application to include appendices beyond the maximum word count (including CD/DVDs), in writing to the Chair of Examiners, c/o the History of Art Manager, The Department of History of Art.

• The thesis must be submitted electronically by 12 noon on Friday of Week 8 of Hilary Term of the Third Year. Guidance on the submission method will be provided.

Notes on writing an undergraduate thesis

The incentive and challenges in writing a thesis in the History of Art. The thesis is a very exciting element of the History of Art Final Honour School. It offers you the opportunity to engage in primary research on a subject of your own choosing, and to arrive at conclusions that are entirely your own, not a synthesis of the conclusions of others. Building on all of your university experience so far, and in particular on the focused primary study of your First Year ‘object essay’, it enables you to work as an art historical scholar in your own right and to get a taste of the kind of academic work undertaken professionally by your tutors. Some Undergraduate theses are so good that they are ready to be published virtually as they stand. All give their authors considerable personal satisfaction, and will be looked back on with pride long after the authors have left Oxford.

However, it is necessary to recognise that a thesis requires advance planning, commitment, and a very high level of personal motivation and organisation. You will have the opportunity to consult with tutors and supervisors who can help advise you on bibliographical or structural problems, but the burden of time-management and effective working falls on you. The process needs to begin relatively early in your second year: no time is too soon to begin to think of possible fields of research, and to discuss these with your tutors.  You will be prompted to give serious thought to the identification of a thesis subject during the Hilary Term of your Second Year.  By the end of Trinity Term of your Second Year, at the very latest, you will need to have determined – in consultation with tutors – a viable topic, and to have found – with the help of the Convenor of the BA Finals Course – a supervisor for your work. Much of the research work will need to be completed during the Long Vacation before your Third Year.  The research may be completed, together with the writing up of the thesis, during the Hilary Term of your Third Year.  It is essential to recognise that eight weeks is not a long time for such an exercise.  The examiners will judge a thesis against the amount of work that a diligent undergraduate could be expected to have done over a full academic term. It is possible to gain exceptionally high marks for a thesis, and some students who do not excel in closed examination papers demonstrate spectacular prowess in such work submitted in their own time. (But it is also possible to gain far worse marks for a bad thesis than for a moderately poor performance in a three-hour paper.)

The exercise is challenging, and intentionally so. For those who continue their education at Oxford or elsewhere as graduate students, the thesis will represent a first opportunity to test their abilities as creative and independent researchers, able to define and explore an art historical problem on a large scale. For others a successfully accomplished thesis is a clear indication to employers and the outside world that they possess a capacity for organisation, self-discipline and the ability to structure a substantial and complex piece of research very largely on their own initiative.

Good and indifferent theses. The hallmark of a good thesis is precisely that it should contain a thesis, a consecutive argument or set of arguments on its topic. Apart from showing a sound grasp of the secondary literature on the field and period and an awareness of the problems of the topic, the writer deploys the evidence of the written sources and the visual and material evidence to support a general argument. It is made clear in the text how the writer has approached the topic, what conclusions have been reached and, if appropriate, how the approach and conclusions are related to or diverge from the views of other art historians. A good thesis is well written and properly and consistently presented.  (Guidance on presentation and format can be found in Section 3 below.)  Good presentation is usually combined with high quality of analysis and an intellectual grasp of the written and visual/material sources that form a key element of the thesis. Conversely, careless, or unclear writing, misspelling and misquotation of sources often go with an uncertain focus on the topic.

It is commonly supposed that an FHS thesis must be based largely or in part upon unpublished manuscript sources or unstudied visual materials. This may be the case for some topics, but it is not essential. The nature of the topic and the approach adopted will generally govern the kind of written sources used. There is no particular virtue in the use of an unpublished primary source for its own sake, and a source does not cease to be primary because it has been ‘published’ or reproduced in some form, nor because it has been translated from another language into English. What is essential is that the author should use the sources intelligently and accurately. A thesis should therefore show a competent grasp of relevant sources both primary and secondary, and both textual and visual. It also will use primary sources not merely for illustrative purposes, but as coherently marshalled evidence to support the author’s arguments.

The guidelines for the preparation of the BA thesis underline the importance of thinking carefully about images, where appropriate to the subject of the research.  Illustrations should be used to support the argument of the text, and should be reproduced to a sufficient quality to enable the points made to be clear to the reader of the thesis.  Credit will be given for effective use of illustrations.  Conversely, failure to use appropriate illustration, or poor integration of illustrations with the text, or inadequate standards of image reproduction, will be penalised by examiners.

The choice of subject requires careful thought. It is unwise to choose a topic so large or well-trodden that you cannot write anything original about it on the basis of the analysis of relevant primary sources (textual or visual) within the permitted length. It may be unsatisfying to choose a subject so restricted that your conclusions appear to have little relevance to any wider art historical question. Many of the best theses succeed by showing how detailed reassessment of a subject of manageable size can shed light on the great issues debated by art historians today and in the past.

If your research requires you to travel to visit museums, archives, libraries, or other sites, you may apply want to apply for a travel grant, with many colleges offering support for such activities.

Possible subjects for your thesis are as diverse as the visual culture which you study throughout your BA course.  Often, the idea for a thesis is born out of a particular option: either the visual material or the concept and methodological approach might arise in this context, and suggest possible development into a thesis.  But your thesis project is also likely to take you into new territory: this is part of its excitement.  BA theses in the History of Art have been successfully written on single objects or monuments, on particular exhibitions and their reception, on the image of the artist, on theoretical issues and debates in the field of art, on popular and advertising imagery, on a photography – and on a variety of other themes.  It is never too soon to begin to explore possible avenues with your tutors.

Do bear in mind that art historical evidence will not, in general, speak for itself. The ‘truth’ will not emerge through the simple piling up of research material or illustrations. While you are doing the research, you should also be thinking about how you will shape the materials into an argument. Good art historians are constantly testing, modifying and rejecting hypotheses about the significance of the material that they are examining. Research, while sometimes frustrating, is instantly stimulating; collecting it can become an end in itself. But the art historian who stops thinking during research has ceased to be an art historian. Hence planning for the thesis should start as early as possible; some plans may well need to be discarded until the most feasible and convincing one has been found. It is always best to assume that the thesis will take longer and require more intellectual engagement than anticipated: a good thesis will certainly require more than one draft of parts, if not of the whole. Plenty of time should be allowed for getting the final typed version into presentable form and preparing the necessary illustrations. The deadline for the submission of the thesis is not flexible, and hasty and careless final production can undermine an otherwise strong and interesting thesis.

As a thesis on a visual subject, you will want your images to work as an effective part of your argument.  This does not need to entail costly modes of reproduction.  However, where visual evidence is needed to support your argument, it needs to be present; and the quality of the images should be sufficient to convey your points clearly and persuasively.  The preparation and reproduction of appropriate images for the thesis takes time, and requires planning and forethought.

Definition. Plagiarism is presenting of someone else’s work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement. All published and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, printed or electronic form, is covered under this definition. Plagiarism may be intentional or reckless, or unintentional. Under the regulations for examinations, intentional or reckless plagiarism is a disciplinary offence.

Explanation. Everything you write at Oxford – tutorial essays, extended essays, theses – will inevitably involve the use and discussion of material written by others. If material written by others is duly acknowledged and referenced in your work, no offence will have been committed. And it is not of course necessary to provide a full reference for every fact or idea that you mention in your work: some things – such as the date of the Battle of Hastings, for example – can be said to be common knowledge. Such legitimate practices must however be clearly distinguished from plagiarism, which is the appropriation without proper acknowledgement of material that has been produced by someone else. What therefore should you do if you need to make use of or discuss information or ideas from another (published or unpublished) source? There are two ways in which you can proceed.

       a)  Material from another source might be presented by a direct quotation in inverted commas, as follows, with the source clearly indicated in a footnote:

‘The idea of providence [became] powerfully divisive in early modern Ireland since each confessional group was convinced that it had unique access to the power of God’.1

            Note the use here of square brackets to indicate an alteration to, or interpolation in, the quotation from Professor Gillespie’s book. It is important always to make clear to the reader what is your own work, and what has been taken (with acknowledgment) from another writer.

       b)  Alternatively, you might paraphrase the passage from the source. This is acceptable, as long as the paraphrase is written entirely in your own words: it is not enough merely to change or omit a few words of the original text. Note too that such a paraphrase still requires a footnote reference to the original source:

Providence caused conflict in early modern Ireland: each confession claimed particular Divine favour.2

The example used here is very brief – a single sentence. But the same principles apply when you want to make use of a longer quotation, or to discuss a more extensive argument from another source.

When you conduct research for your thesis, you should always consult the primary materials, as far as possible, rather than depending on secondary sources. The latter will often point you in the direction of the original sources, which you must then pursue and analyse independently. There may, however, be occasions when it is impossible to gain direct access to the relevant primary source (if, for example, it is unprinted and located in a foreign or private archive, or has been translated from a language with which you are unfamiliar). And of course, when you are preparing a tutorial essay, there is rarely time to check the primary sources cited by other authors. In these circumstances, you may cite the primary source from the secondary source; but make sure that you always acknowledge in a footnote where you found the quotation you are using. This should be in the following form, here using a Welsh-language example: ‘In order to buy this [the Bible] and be free of oppression, go, sell thy shirt, thou Welshman’.3 When choosing your thesis subject it is important to check that you can gain access to most of the primary materials that you will need, in order to avoid the type of dependence discussed here.

Guidance for note-taking. The best way to ensure that you do not engage in plagiarism is to develop good note-taking practices from the beginning of your career in Oxford.

When you are working on a primary source, whether for essays or for the thesis, keep a full record of author, title, editor if appropriate, place and date of publication, and page numbers (for printed sources), and of the library/archive where it is held, plus any other details, shelf marks and page/folio numbers necessary (for unpublished sources). Make sure that you distinguish clearly in your notes between passages that you have copied directly from another source, and summaries or paraphrases that you have composed yourself.

When you are working on a secondary source, always record the author, title, place and date of publication at the head of your notes. For shorter pieces in books and journals, record also the full details of the publication in which the essay or article appears. Material derived from electronic media should also be carefully sourced (keep a note of the URL for anything obtained from the internet, for example, and the date you accessed it). When taking notes, do not simply copy down what the author says word for word: summarize the argument in your own words, and include page-numbers of the sections you take notes on so that you (and your eventual readers) can identify the source precisely later. If you think you might want to quote a sentence or phrase from another author in your essay or thesis, put it in quotation marks in your notes from the outset, so that there can never be any confusion between your wording and that of the other author. And if you find in a secondary source a quotation from a primary source which you want to use later, make sure you record also all the detail necessary to enable you to cite it properly in your own work, as indicated above.

Penalties

Please note: The Proctors regard plagiarism as a serious form of cheating for which offenders can expect to receive severe penalties, including the return of a mark of zero. Even the lightest penalties for plagiarism will almost certainly have the effect of pulling down the candidates’ overall examination result by the equivalent of a full class. The Examiners will check theses for plagiarism and will use internet forms of check, when appropriate.

More information and guidance on matters relating to plagiarism can be found on the University website: http://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism

 

1 R. Gillespie, Devoted People: Belief and Religion in Early Modern Ireland (Manchester, 1997), p. 50.

2 R. Gillespie, Devoted People: Belief and Religion in Early Modern Ireland (Manchester, 1997), p. 50.

3 Thomas Jones, Hen Gwndidau Carolau a Chywyddau, cited and translated in G. Williams, Wales and the Reformation (Cardiff, 1997), p. 358.

Please note: These guidelines double for the use of students writing extended essays for the Special Subject in Art History (see Section 8), and should be adhered to in all respects for both theses and Special Subject extended essays.

Pagination

A 12,000-word thesis typed double-spaced on A4 paper will normally take up 36 pages if printed in 12-point font. Pagination should run through consecutively from beginning to end and include any appendices, bibliography, illustrations, etc. Cross-references should include page numbers. Note that the 12,000 words includes footnotes, but excludes bibliography, captions, list of illustrations, table of contents, acknowledgments and, in cases for which specific permission has been obtained from the Chairman of Examiners, appendices.

Order of the Thesis

After the title page (on which only your candidate number, never your name, should appear), the thesis should normally be organised into the following sequence:

Table of Contents. This should show in sequence, with page numbers, the subdivisions of the thesis. The titles of any chapters and appendices should be given.

List of abbreviations. If any; use only for frequently cited sources.

Preface or Introduction. This should be used to call the examiners’ attention to the aims and broad argument(s) of the work, along with any relevant points about sources, historiographical context, and obligations to other scholars’ work.

Main text and footnotes. If appropriate, the main text can be subdivided into chapters. Each chapter should have a clear descriptive title.

Conclusion. A few hundred words summarising your conclusions and their implications.

Bibliography. This is essential, and should be sensibly selective. It should include everything cited in the thesis, and omit nothing that has been important in producing it. But it should not necessarily include absolutely everything that may have been read or consulted.  

List of illustrations. This should be the same as the captions for any illustrations included. See below for information on formatting the list of illustrations.

Illustrations. Illustrations should be numbered sequentially. See below for information on formatting captions.

Quotations

Quotations from verse, if of more than one line, should be indented and in single spacing; quotations from prose should run on in the text if they do not exceed approximately 40 words; otherwise they too should be indented and in single spacing. Inverted commas are not necessary when the quotation is indented. Otherwise use single inverted commas except for quotations within quotations, which are distinguished by double inverted commas.

Quotations should keep the spelling used in the original text or document and should not be modernised. When quotations include contracted forms, the contractions should normally be extended and the extension indicated by square brackets.  Normally, quotations from a foreign language source should be presented in the body of the text in the original. The supervisor’s advice should be followed in case of doubt as to whether to provide translations.

Underlining/Italics

Underlining or italics should be used:

(a)   For the titles of books, plays, periodicals and works of art.

(b)   For technical terms or phrases in languages other than English (but not for

            quotations or complete sentences).

(c)   For the following abbreviations, if used (although there is much to be said for avoiding or anglicising many of them): a. (anno), cap., c. (circa), e.g., ibid., idem, infra, passim, post, supra, versus, v. (vide), viz.

Capitals

Capitals should be used as sparingly as possible. They should be used for institutions and corporate bodies when the name is the official title or part of the official title; but for titles and dignities of individuals only when those are followed by the person’s name: thus ‘Duke Lodovico Sforza of Milan’, but ‘Lodovico, duke of Milan’, or ‘the duke’.

Dates

Dates should be given in the form: 13 October 1966. Unless the contrary is indicated, it is to be assumed that the date refers to the year beginning on 1 January. Double dates in Old and New Style should be given in the form: 11/22 July 1705.  In footnotes, the names of months may be abbreviated: Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec., but these should not be abbreviated in the text itself.

Footnote references

The purpose of a reference is to enable the reader to turn up the evidence for any quotation or statement. But judgement must be used in deciding whether a reference needs to be given or not. A reference need not be given for a familiar quotation used for purely literary purposes, nor for a statement of fact that no reader would question (e.g., the American Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776). Any reference given must be precise.

Footnotes should be concise: they count towards the overall word-limit. The practice of putting into footnotes information that cannot be digested in the text should be avoided. Notes should be printed at the foot of the page in single spacing. Footnote numbers in the text should be superior and not bracketed and may run consecutively throughout your thesis.

The style of references should be consistent throughout any piece of work. You should use the following conventions:

Book:

J. Montagu, Roman Baroque Sculpture. The Industry of Art (New Haven and London, 1989), pp. 99-125.

Thereafter: Montagu, Roman Baroque Sculpture, pp. 151-72.

    

Multi-volume book:

Clement Greenberg, Collected Essays (4 vols., Chicago and London, 1986-93), iii, 10-12.

Thereafter: Greenberg, Collected Essays, ii, 50. [note the absence of pp.]

Edition:

Paul Cézanne, Letters, ed. J. Rewald (4th edn, revised and enlarged, Oxford, 1976), p. 20.

Thereafter: Cézanne, Letters, p. 15.

Article:

I. Hassan, ‘The culture of postmodernism’, Theory, Culture and Society, 2 (1985), pp. 119-32.

Thereafter: Hassan, ‘Culture of postmodernism’, pp. 124-6.

Essay in an edited volume:

A.E. Laiou, ‘Venice as a centre of trade and of artistic production in the thirteenth century’, in H. Belting (ed.), Il medio oriente e l’occidente nell’arte del XIII secolo (Bologna, 1982), pp. 11-26.

Thereafter: Laiou, ‘Venice as a centre of trade and artistic production’, p. 25.

Manuscripts:

‘Speculum virginum’, British Library, MS Arundel 44, fo. 3v. [or BL, MS Arundel 44, fo. 3v if you have defined BL as British Library in your list of abbreviations]

Collections of papers:

British Library, Add. MS 29132, fo. 434.

It may be helpful, or necessary to avoid confusion, to add brief descriptions at first mention to give readers an indication of the nature of the sources referred to, thus:

British Library, Add. MS 29132 (Hastings Papers), fo. 434: Clive to Hastings, 1 Aug. 1771.

Thereafter contract to: BL, Add. MS 29132, fo. 434.

In any case, such fuller definitions of archival classes or collections of papers used should be given in the bibliography.

The Bible:

Gen. xv. 24.

Unpublished theses and typescripts:

‘The Iconography of Mary Magdalen: The Evolution of a Western Tradition until 1300’ (New York University unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 1982), p. 60.

Websites:

Give the title, URL and date viewed:

‘The surface of each day is a different planet’: Animated commission by Tate Gallery (6 October 2009):

http://www.tate.org.uk/intermediaart/raqs.shtm

Interviews:

Nicholas Serota interview, 2 May 2008 [, p. 3 if transcribed].

     Op. Cit. should not be used.

Ibid. should be used instead of the author and short title when (but only when) the reference repeats the last or the only reference in the previous note. Care is necessary here, because when adding or moving references it is easy for Ibid. to become separated from the source to which it is intended to refer.

Bibliography

The bibliography should be divided into (1) Primary Sources and (2) Secondary Sources. In each category, works should be listed alphabetically by surname of author. Anonymous printed sources should be listed alphabetically by the first word of the title (excluding the articles ‘The’, ‘An’ or their foreign equivalents).

Illustrations

Illustrations may be gathered in one place at the end of the thesis, or, if you prefer, incorporated with the text.  The latter arrangement is more complex to achieve, and only recommended if you feel it will enhance your argument.

The ‘List of Illustrations’ should be the same as the captions provided for any illustrations included. (As noted above, captions and lists of illustrations do not count as part of the 12,000 word limit; neither do illustrations themselves.) As relevant and/or known, these should include the following information, in the recommended order:

• artist/architect

• title of work/name of building

• size

• medium

• date of production

• present location

• brief reference for the source of the illustration (e.g., your own photograph, a museum photograph, copied from a book or the internet).

You should illustrate your thesis carefully since good illustrations can be vital to supporting your arguments. You should use good quality photocopied, scanned or digitally sourced illustrations of images, objects or buildings discussed at any length in the text. Illustrations can be in black and white; colour illustrations are only necessary if used to support a specifically ‘colour-related’ point in your argument or discussion. Illustrations should be numbered sequentially. Captions can be included below each illustration or they can simply be numbered Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc., since the examiners will be able to refer to the ‘List of Illustrations’ for the full caption. Make sure you refer to your illustrations at appropriate points in your text and argument, with the relevant figure number in brackets, thus: (Fig. 10).

 

  1. EXAMINATION CONVENTIONS

Examination conventions are the formal record of the specific assessment standards for the course or courses to which they apply. They set out how your examined work will be marked and how the resulting marks will be used to arrive at a final result and classification of your award. They include information on: marking scales, marking and classification criteria, scaling of marks, progression, resits, penalties for late submission, and penalties for over or under-length work.

The current examination conventions for the Final Honours School Examination in History of Art are located in the BA History of Art Canvas page.

These may be revised prior to examination. Students will be notified of any changes.

 

  1. ENTERING FOR UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS AND EXAMINATION TIMETABLES

Examination entry and alternative examination arrangements are detailed in the Oxford Students website: www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/exams

Examination Timetables are published as early as possible in Trinity Term – please refer to the Examinations and Assessments section of the University website for further information (including examination entry, provisional timetables and alternative examination arrangements): http://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/exams

 

  1. CONDUCT OF EXAMINATIONS AND RELATED MATTERS

Information on (a) the standards of conduct expected in examinations and (b) what to do if you would like examiners to be aware of any factors that may have affected your performance before or during an examination (such as illness, accident or bereavement) are available on the Oxford Students website: www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/exams/guidance

In all cases, communication with the Examiners will be through the Senior Tutor of your college. Neither you nor your tutor should communicate directly with the Examiners.

 

  1. EXAMINERS’ REPORTS

Students may access Examiners’ reports through the BA History of Art Canvas page.

The name of the current External Examiner is provided in the Examination Conventions. Students are strictly prohibited from contacting external examiners directly. If you are unhappy with an aspect of your assessment you may make a complaint or appeal (see Section 12).

 

  1. GUIDANCE ON ANSWERING IMAGE QUESTIONS

Some examination papers will include the requirement to comment on particular images reproduced in the exam.  Candidates should read the rubric in the examination paper carefully for the instructions, which may vary in detail from case to case.  In broad terms, however, the point of an image question is two-fold.  It invites close attention to the detail of a particular object or building, and candidates should show an understanding of the material qualities in evidence: materials, technique and style may all be worthy of comment.  In addition, it is desirable to be able to set the particular object within a larger context by comparing it with others, or by discussion of its context and function.  Examiners will therefore expect candidates to look closely at the image, commenting upon aspects of it in detail, and to show an ability to set it in a larger interpretative context.

 

  • Professor Geoffrey Batchen, Head of Department: Professor of the History of Art; Fellow of Trinity College
  • Professor Geraldine Johnson: Associate Professor in the History of Art; Fellow of Christ Church.
  • Professor Cora Gilroy-Ware: Associate Professor in the History of Art; Fellow of St Peter’s College.
  • Professor JP Park: Associate Professor in the History of Art; Fellow of Lincoln College.
  • Professor Alastair Wright: Associate Professor in the History of Art; Fellow of St John’s College.
  • Professor Nancy Thebaut: Associate Professor in the History of Art; Fellow of St Catherine’s College.
  • Professor Marko Ilić: Associate Professor in the History of Art, Fellow of Wadham College.
  • Professor Charlene Villaseñor Black: Associate Professor in the History of Art, Fellow of Worcester College.
  • Department Manager: Penelope Lane
  • Academic Assistant (Admin Office first point of contact): Rebecca Knight-Morgan (part-time – Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs) admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk
  • Digital Resources and Events Assistant: Alexander Stavrou (part-time - Mon, Tues, Wed) vrc@hoa.ox.ac.uk 

For further information, see: http://www.hoa.ox.ac.uk/academic-and-admin-staff

Students in the Department may also approach their college for additional assistance. The Oxford colleges which take students reading for a History of Art undergraduate degree and the tutor in each college responsible for History of Art students are as follows:

  • Christ Church: Dr Brigid von Preussen
  • Harris Manchester College: Dr Isabel Ruiz Olaya
  • Lincoln College: Professor JP Park
  • St Catherine’s College: Professor Nancy Thebaut
  • St John’s College: Professor Alastair Wright
  • St Peter’s College: Professor Cora Gilroy-Ware
  • Wadham College: Professor Marko Ilić
  • Worcester College: Professor Charlene Villaseñor Black

 

The Centre for Visual Studies is a vehicle for conducting research on a far wider range of visual material than is normally embraced by Art History. As well as providing a physical space for research, it is a forum for bringing together people from across the University and beyond who have a research engagement with visual or material studies, broadly conceived.  Lectures, seminars, meetings and workshops are organised under its name for the exchange of information about the work being undertaken. We also welcome Academic Visitors to the Department’s Centre for Visual Studies each year.  For further details, please see www.hoa.ox.ac.uk/centre-visual-studies.

Associated Academic Staff

The Department collaborates in various ways, including extended essay, dissertation and research supervision, with colleagues in other departments and divisions of the University, including the Ashmolean Museum and other University collections. About fifty associated academics further support our Department by offering lectures and courses in their fields of expertise, or participating in various events hosted by the Department.   For research interests, teaching and biographical details for Associated Academic Staff, see: www.hoa.ox.ac.uk/associated-academics

During Michaelmas Term, staff, students at all levels and scholars from throughout the University and beyond are invited to attend the weekly research seminar.  The Department also plays host each year to the Slade Professor of Fine Art, who is always a figure of international standing in the study of the visual arts. The Slade Lectures take place in Hilary Term. All students are encouraged to attend these lectures and other events including the reception for the Slade Professor.  For the most up-to-date information, together with the current departmental lecture list, see the Department’s website: www.hoa.ox.ac.uk/events.

In addition to core lectures, as members of the University, students are also permitted to attend open lectures held within any other department or faculty, although priority should be given to lectures directly related to your courses.  For full listings, please see http://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/lectures/.

During term-time, all students are also included in the ‘Weekly Events’ email circulation of core lectures and selected relevant lectures and seminars in and beyond Oxford.

Where restrictions permit us to, various receptions and social events will be organised by the Department to offer our students the opportunity to meet art historians from other institutions as well as elsewhere within the University.

The Edgar Wind Society for Art History, named after Oxford’s first History of Art Professor, is a student society which organises numerous events each year, including gallery tours, film screenings, social evenings and talks given by renowned speakers. The Society’s journal is produced termly on a specific and varied theme, providing a further opportunity for students to engage with the subject and often offering a fresh perspective on an established art historical issue. For more information, see the Society’s website: http://edgarwindsociety.co.uk/

 

Student Absence

Please note: if you are unable to attend a core seminar, class or tutorial due to illness, it is important that you email admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk before the teaching is due to start in order that we can notify the appropriate member of staff.

 

Department Contact Details

Department of History of Art, The Stephen A.Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG

Tel: +44 (0)1865 286830  admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk

 

Academic Assistant (main admin office) 86830 - first point of contact
Digital Resources & Events Assistant     86839
Department Manager 86832

 

University Card and Access

Your University Card will be issued to you by your college.  Please email your card details to the Academic Assistant so that this can be added by the system - you will need your card to gain access to the upper floors of the Schwarzman Centre. Please do not allow people to tailgate when using the lift or gates to the staff and student areas of the building. Please advise the Admin Office immediately if you lose your University card as it will need to be removed from the system for security reasons.  Your University card also acts as your library reader’s card and can be activated for access to the University Libraries. 

Food/Drink

Please note that the kitchen in the Department hub is for staff use only. You may make use of the social spaces provided throughout the building, including the seating in the Department hub, but please bear in mind that people may be working nearby. There is a café on the ground floor, where you are able to purchase food and drink.

IT Resources

Personal computers may be used, but must not be connected to the network directly. Printing and photocopying in the department is not available to students. 

Canvas

You will have access to teaching and administrative resources via Canvas, the department’s Virtual Learning Environment (VLE).  General information about how to use Canvas will be provided at the departmental induction.  Any queries about the use of Canvas should be directed to the key users – the Digital Resources and Events Assistant or the Academic Assistant.  Please note: where there are no or very few hard copies, course readings will be made available in the relevant course site of Canvas. In all other circumstances, students will be expected to access either hard copies or electronic versions through the Oxford libraries.  Where permission has been obtained from the lecturer, Core Course lectures are recorded and uploaded on Canvas.  If you have any problems accessing these, contact vrc@hoa.ox.ac.uk or admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk  Students who have disability-related grounds for recording lectures or other formal teaching sessions should contact the  University’s Disability Advisory Service (or disability@admin.ox.ac.uk) for further information on the process for obtaining such permission.  Your attention is drawn to the University policy on the recording of lectures and other formal teaching sessions by students: https://academic.admin.ox.ac.uk/policies/recording-lectures-other-teaching-sessions

Email

Your University or ‘Nexus’ email address is your main point of contact.  It is expected that you check emails daily and read ALL messages as they will include vital information relating to teaching and assessment.  It is recommended that you keep personal emails completely separate from formal University communication.

First Aid and Fire and Safety

Names of First Aiders will be displayed on the Faculty noticeboard.

On hearing a fire alarm, please leave the building via the nearest available route and report to the closest assembly point from where you exited the building. The closest assembly point to the Department is to the north of the building.

If you are likely to need assistance for any reason during an emergency evacuation please contact the Department Admin team.

Security

Access to the staff and student areas of the Schwarzman Centre is limited to those with University cards.  Do not allow people to tailgate you!  Raise any security issues with the admin team/main Reception, but in their absence, contact University Security Services on 272944, for emergencies 289999

The Department of History of Art operates under the aegis of the History Faculty, which is its ‘parent’ faculty. It is thus helpful for History of Art students to have a general understanding of the Faculty’s structure, not least because a number of Final Honour School options are shared with the Faculty and all college tutors responsible for History of Art undergraduates are also members of the Faculty.  For the most up-to-date information about Faculty officers, staff and student representatives, please see the History Faculty website: www.history.ox.ac.uk.

The History Faculty Common Room is located on the 2nd floor of the Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities, next door to the Department of History of Art.

The University, Faculty, Department and your college are always glad to receive comments (good or bad) about your experience of studying at Oxford. There are a number of channels open to you to express your opinions or register any complaints you might have.

 

The Department encourages and welcomes feedback from undergraduates on the lectures, classes and tutorials it provides. Such feedback forms a vital part of the Department’s mechanisms for evaluating success or failure in meeting its teaching objectives. It is extremely important that we receive a high level of responses to feedback forms distributed for individual courses, and that students provide us with substantial amounts of constructively critical, as well as appreciative, responses to teaching.

 

Feedback to the Department is provided by feedback forms distributed by course convenors, who will ask students to provide feedback on lectures, classes, and tutorials. These forms will be handed out in a lecture or class towards the end of a term or distributed by coordinators after essays have been completed. Some requests will take the form of online questionnaires (you will receive an email in these cases). All responses received are anonymous and is possible to check a box should you not wish the convenor of the course to see your comments. Lecturers, tutors, convenors, and coordinators use these returns for their own information and benefit; the Head of Department also reports on them to the History of Art Committee. They are then deposited in the Department’s Admin Office to be produced if required for external reviews or audits.

 

The Department will also distribute questionnaires asking students to comment briefly on the teaching provision in optional subjects taught outside the Department. It is most important that we receive feedback on this teaching as responses to these forms will help the Department identify any particularly praiseworthy or problematic options offered by other faculties or departments. They will be assessed by the Coordinator of the Undergraduate Degree in History of Art, who will also report on them to the History of Art Committee.

 

Faculties (including that of History), departments and colleges will also ask students to fill out feedback forms (including, in some cases, online versions). The Department and other teaching units are grateful for your help and patience in filling out more than one form for a single course.

 

Comment on teaching can be of many kinds, but while praise of a lecture course will boost a lecturer’s confidence and just criticism of content or delivery should spur him or her to improve, the most valuable feedback is that which comments on the structure of the lecture course or classes, and makes suggestions about topics that could be included, covered in more detail, or omitted. This is especially the case in the two First Year core courses where a number of different lecturers contribute to the lecture series. These lectures are deliberately envisaged as integrated into the wider structure of the course. Success in achieving this integration is best judged by the students, so detailed comments on the usefulness, structure and omissions of the lectures is especially useful. Lecturers and convenors are extremely receptive to any reasoned criticism of the content or style of the courses, and where it is clear that there is a degree of consensus among the respondents, are very likely to modify the structure or assumptions of a course. Please do not regard feedback on courses as a kind of last resort, undertaken only if deeply dissatisfied with a course; a report that is generally positive, but suggests a number of ways that provision might be improved, is of the greatest usefulness to convenors, lecturers, tutors and the Department.

 

Feedback on most tutorials is arranged through colleges, all of which have mechanisms in place whereby students are encouraged to comment regularly on the quality, relevance, and effectiveness of tutorial teaching, and to send these returns to the college’s Senior Tutor or the Head of House.

 

Students on full-time and part-time matriculated courses are surveyed once per year on all aspects on their course (learning, living, pastoral support, college) through the Student Barometer in order to review and improve the student experience at Oxford. Previous results can be viewed by students, staff and the general public at: https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/life/student-surveys.

 

Final Year undergraduate students are surveyed instead through the National Student Survey. Results from previous NSS can be found at discoveruni.gov.uk/

 

Students may bring queries and concerns to the attention of the Department via their departmental student representatives.  BA students are currently represented by a Second Year student who is elected at the end of the previous academic year. They will contact you at the beginning of the year.

Student representatives are invited to attend departmental meetings and History of Art Committee meetings. They may also be asked to represent their peers at other meetings and to assist with departmental events such as open days.

Student representatives sitting on the Divisional Board are selected through a process organised by the Oxford University Student Union (OUSU). Details can be found on the OUSU website along with information about student representation at the University level.

 

Complaints and academic appeals within the Department of History of Art

The University, Humanities Division and the Department of History of Art all hope that provision made for students at all stages of their course of study will result in no need for complaints (about that provision) or appeals (against the outcomes of any form of assessment).  Where such a need arises, an informal discussion with the person immediately responsible for the issue that you wish to complain about (and who may not be one of the individuals identified below) is often the simplest way to achieve a satisfactory resolution.  Many sources of advice are available from colleges, faculties/departments and bodies like the Counselling Service or the OUSU Student Advice Service, which have extensive experience in advising students. You may wish to take advice from one of those sources before pursuing your complaint.  General areas of concern about provision affecting students as a whole should be raised through Joint Consultative Committees or via student representation on the Faculty/Department’s committees.

Complaints

If your concern or complaint relates to teaching or other provision made by the Department, then you should raise it with Chair of the History of Art Committee (in 2025-26, this is Prof. Geoff Batchen). Complaints about departmental facilities should be made to the History of Art Manager (Penelope Lane). The Department will attempt to resolve your concern/complaint informally.

If you are dissatisfied with the outcome, you may take your concern further by making a formal complaint to the Proctors under the University Student Complaints Procedure (https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/complaints).

If your concern or complaint relates to teaching or other provision made by your college, you should raise it either with your tutor or with one of the college officers, Senior Tutor, Tutor for Graduates (as appropriate). Your college will also be able to explain how to take your complaint further if you are dissatisfied with the outcome of its consideration.

Academic appeals

An academic appeal is an appeal against the decision of an academic body (e.g. boards of examiners, transfer and confirmation decisions etc.), on grounds such as procedural error or evidence of bias. There is no right of appeal against academic judgement.

If you have any concerns about your assessment process or outcome it is advisable to discuss these first informally with your subject or college tutor, Senior Tutor, course convenor, coordinator, supervisor or college or departmental administrator as appropriate. They will be able to explain the assessment process that was undertaken and may be able to address your concerns. Queries must not be raised directly with the examiners.

If you still have concerns you can make a formal appeal to the Proctors who will consider appeals under the University Academic Appeals Procedure (https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/complaints).

Complaints about Equal Opportunities

The University’s equality policy is available at https://edu.admin.ox.ac.uk/files/equalitypolicypdf The Department subscribes to this policy. If you feel during the course of your studies you have not been treated according to this policy, you may use the student complaints procedure and should, in the first instance, lodge your complaint with the Proctors, who will advise on the procedure to be followed thereafter.

Harassment

Full details of the University’s Policy and Procedure on Harassment and Bullying is available at https://edu.admin.ox.ac.uk/university-policy-on-harassment and is formally drawn to the attention of student members of the University. The History Faculty and Department of History of Art operate the University’s Code of Practice Relating to Harassment. Undergraduates who feel that they have been subject to harassment in a Department or Faculty context may wish to visit this webpage: https://www.history.ox.ac.uk/harassment-and-complaints and contact the Department’s Harassment Advisor or one of the History Faculty’s Advisors.

The Department of History of Art’s Advisor is:

Prof. Cora Gilroy-Ware, cora.gilroy-ware@history.ox.ac.uk

The History Faculty’s Advisors are:

Prof. Sloan Mahone, sloan.mahone@history.ox.ac.uk

Prof. Conrad Leyser, conrad.leyser@worc.ox.ac.uk

Prof. Maria Misra, anna-maria.misra@keble.ox.ac.uk

If you would like to speak to someone beyond the Department/Faculty, you can contact harassment.line@admin.ox.ac.uk.

Student Welfare and Support

Every college has their own systems of support for students. Please refer to your college handbook or website for more information on who to contact and what support is available through your college.

Details of the wide range of sources of support are available more widely in the University and are available from the Oxford Students website (www.ox.ac.uk/students/welfare), including in relation to mental and physical health and disability.

 

Students at Oxford are fortunate in having access to libraries and museums of an unrivalled scale and variety. These institutions provide exceptional resources, both visual and textual. The libraries, archives and museums listed below are particularly useful to art historians.

Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library

The library on St John Street is one of the principal research libraries of the University and specialises in Archaeology, Art History, and Classics (Ancient History and Literature). The History of Art collection does not offer lending facilities, but the very generous opening hours ensure that it is readily accessible to users.

Further information and opening hours: https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/libraries/art

Art and Architecture subject LibGuide: https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/c.php?g=422819

History Faculty Library

This library, located in the Radcliffe Camera and the Gladstone Link, is designed particularly for service to undergraduates but also lends books to visiting academics; it holds multiple copies on open shelves of some essential titles, and is particularly useful for historical journals and other contextual material. Many of these volumes can be borrowed. It covers most subjects available in the Modern History Final Honour School, but stops c. 1945. Books covering the period after 1945 are housed in the Social Studies Faculty Library. 

 

Further information and opening hours: www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/history

History subject LibGuide: http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/history

 

Bodleian Library

One of the greatest libraries in the world, this is a national copyright library owned by the University. It does not lend books, which must be consulted in the Library’s reading rooms.  The Bodleian also holds many collections of special visual interest such as the Douce Collection of printed antiquities, and the John Johnson Collection of printed ephemera – see www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/johnson

and the Bodleian Cartographic Collection –

www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley/library/specialcollections/western_rarebooks/maps.

 

Users may order books that are kept in the Old Library’s stacks or outhoused via the online SOLO ordering system: http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/      Further information and opening hours:  www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley 

 

Taylor Institution Library

The Taylor Institution is the University’s centre for the study of European languages and literatures. Its research library, one of the three central libraries in the University is located in St. Giles’ and contains the largest specialist collection in this field in Britain. The volumes concentrate on the literary and philological aspects of the main European languages (other than English), but also contains a considerable amount of general background material of use to researchers in the fields of art and history.    For opening times and further information www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/taylor

Oxford also has outstanding museums, which are rich resources for the study of the History of Art, Archaeology, and Visual and Material Culture. General information on the University’s museums can be found at: http://www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_university/museums_and_collections/

Ashmolean Museum

The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology on Beaumont Street is a museum of the University of Oxford. Founded in 1683, it is one of the oldest public museums in the world. The museum’s permanent collections are outstanding in many areas of Ancient, Western and non-Western fine and applied arts, and it has an increasingly ambitious programme of temporary exhibitions. Admission to the museum is free of charge, and special exhibitions are also free to students on production of a valid University Card.

Further information and opening hours: www.ashmolean.org

 

The Print Room of the Department of Western Art

The Print Room of the Department of Western Art houses one of the finest collections in Britain of European drawings and prints from the fifteenth century to the present day. About 30,000 drawings and 300,000 prints are available for viewing. Nearly all major artists are represented. Find out more about this exceptional resource at www.ashmolean.org/departments/westernart/printroom/  Anyone may use the Print Room, and Art History students are strongly encouraged to do so. Contact details: waprintroom@ashmus.ox.ac.uk (tel: 01865 278049).

The Jameel Centre for the Study of Eastern Art

The Jameel Centre for the Study of Eastern Art is a relatively new facility open to members of the public, students and scholars alike for the study and enjoyment of the Eastern Art reserve collections. See http://www.ashmolean.org/departments/easternart/studycentre/?s=jameel

Christ Church Picture Gallery

Christ Church is unique among the Oxford or Cambridge colleges in possessing an important collection of Old Master paintings and drawings - some 300 paintings and almost 2,000 drawings in all. The collection is strong in Italian art from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. Appointments can be made to view specific prints and drawing in the Prints and Drawings Room. Admission is free of charge to University members. Further information and opening hours: www.chch.ox.ac.uk/gallery

Pitt Rivers Museum

The Pitt Rivers Museum on Parks Road displays archaeological and ethnographic objects from all parts of the world. It was founded in 1884 when General Pitt Rivers gave his collection to the University. The Pitt Rivers’ founding gift contained more than 18,000 objects, but there are now over half a million. The collection includes extensive photographic and sound archives, which contain early records of great importance. Free admission. Further information and opening hours: www.prm.ox.ac.uk

Museum of the History of Science

The Museum of the History of Science houses an unrivalled collection of historic scientific instruments in the world’s oldest surviving purpose-built museum building, the Old Ashmolean on Broad Street. By virtue of the collection and the building, the museum occupies a special position, both in the study of the history of science and in the development of Western culture and collecting. There is no charge to visit the collection. Further information and opening hours: www.mhs.ox.ac.uk

Bate Collection of Musical Instruments

Held in the Music Faculty on the Ground floor of the Stephen A. Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities, this is one of the most magnificent collections of musical instruments in the world. The Bate has over 2,000 instruments from the Western orchestral music traditions from the Renaissance, through the Baroque, Classical, Romantic and up to modern times. More than a thousand instruments are on display, by all the most important makers and from pre- eminent collectors.

Further information and opening hours: www.bate.ox.ac.uk/

Pembroke JCR Art Collection and Gallery

A major collection of (mainly) post-war British art acquired by the students of the college. Contains works by John Bratby, Elisabeth Frink, Patrick Heron, John Minton, John Piper and many others.

For more information visit: http://www.pembrokejcrart.org

Modern Art Oxford (MAO)

Though not a part of the University, this museum, located on Pembroke Street, is a venue of national significance for contemporary art exhibitions and organises a stimulating programme of lectures and gallery tours by artists, critics and scholars. It is an internationally acclaimed centre for the display of temporary exhibitions of contemporary, cutting- edge art and, since its foundation in 1965, the galleries have boasted the work of pioneering artists such as Jackson Pollock, Donald Judd, David Goldblatt, and Yoko Ono, as well as more recent British artists such as Tracey Emin and the Chapman brothers. There is no charge to visit the museum.

Further information and opening hours: www.modernartoxford.org.uk

 

Some FHS options require an ability to read a modern foreign language. The proportion of texts set in a foreign language varies among these subjects; in some it is quite small, and the relevance of the language skill may primarily lie in the ability to read relevant secondary books or articles. Knowledge of foreign languages also of course broadens the scope of all of your secondary reading, may help you in your Undergraduate Thesis, and provides a marketable additional skill when it comes to seeking employment after university.

Knowledge of one or more foreign languages also enhances the benefits of travel, which all art historians should aim to do, especially in the longer vacations. Many colleges offer small grants to support well-planned travel by their students. There are also some grants available through the History Faculty.

For those who wish to independently learn a new language or improve their existing language(s), the University Language Centre offers students the following facilities (costs covered by your college, with permission):

• Taught Classes in general language in French (5 levels), German (5 levels), Italian (5 levels), Spanish (5 levels), Russian (4 levels), and Modern Greek (2 levels).

• Materials for Private Study: available in 80 languages; facilities for viewing live TV by satellite in French, German, Italian and Russian.

Students who will need to take additional language courses for their coursework or research should obtain a form from the Language Centre and have it signed by their supervisor in order to ensure a priority place. Given the popularity of language courses in general, all students are advised to sign up for such courses as early as possible.  For further information, see:  www.lang.ox.ac.uk.

Please talk to your college tutor if you would like to attend any additional courses offered by the Language Centre.

 

 

For students wishing to improve their skills in these or other areas of information technology, please see the University IT Services website: www.it.ox.ac.uk.  IT Services can be contacted direct by emailing help@it.ox.ac.uk   

Students should be aware of the extensive networked databases offered on SOLO (access remotely or through machines in college or university libraries and computing rooms). A full list is available here: https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/az.php

Among the most useful is the Grove Dictionary of Art, an award-winning resource on every aspect of the visual arts from pre-history to the present day. It contains over 45,000 articles on fine arts, decorative arts, and architecture written by over 6,000 international contributors. It also provides access to over 130,000 art images, with links to hundreds of museums and galleries around the world and a wide range of search and browse options to explore the full text, bibliographies, biographies, and image links. Students may find it helpful for supplementing course bibliographies or for checking references to articles. Other important networked resources for art historians include the following databases: Art Abstracts, Bibliography of the History of Art (BHA), and JSTOR (the latter provides full-text versions of many articles searchable by subject as well as author).

The attention of undergraduates is drawn to the ‘University Rules for Computer Use’, available on the University website at: https://unioxfordnexus.sharepoint.com/sites/OUIT-ITStrategyGovernance/SitePages/The-IT-Regulations-and-related-policies.aspx  All users of University network and IT facilities are bound by these rules.

 

Undergraduates may be eligible for a variety of prizes and grants (for instance, to learn or perfect a language, to engage in research for the Undergraduate Thesis, or to buy books) administered by their colleges, the History Faculty and other University entities. Full details of the terms and conditions of many prizes and grants, as well as of the method and timetable of application, are published in a ‘Supplement to the University Gazette’ in the middle of Michaelmas Term, through your college, or online: http://www.hoa.ox.ac.uk/funding.

Specific History prizes and grants include, for example, the Gibbs Prize for outstanding performance, including prizes for Art Historians, nominated by the Board of Examiners. 

The Laurence Binyon Prize is awarded for travel to Asia, the Far East, or another area outside Europe, to extend knowledge and appreciation of the visual arts. The value of the prize is up to £1,000. The holder of the prize will be expected to submit a report on their travels after return. Details are announced in Hilary Term.

Further, Finalists may also be nominated by their supervisor for the annual Association for Art History Undergraduate Dissertation prize. See: https://forarthistory.org.uk/

The Department of History of Art, in partnership with a number of Oxford Museums, Libraries and Colleges, offers Collection Placements for Second Year BA students, offering an excellent opportunity to gain working experience in one of Oxford’s world-class collections, to put art historical knowledge into practice and to familiarise students with museum-based research and curatorial practices. Placements take place during the Second Year of studies, within a timetable agreed between the Collection Partner and the student, dependent on the student’s academic commitments. The total workload will not amount to an average of more than 3 hours per week (i.e. one afternoon) during term time (times may vary). You will be invited to apply for a placement towards the end of the First Year.

History of Art undergraduates in their final year may also be interested in applying for the Waddesdon Manor Summer Research Internship (administered by the Department of History of Art). Information is distributed at the beginning of Hilary Term.

Students may also wish to contact the University’s Careers Service for further information on internships and work experience opportunities. See: http://www.careers.ox.ac.uk.

The Oxford Students website offers further guidance on work experience (including paid work experience). See http://www.ox.ac.uk/students/life/experience

Please note that it is expected that the completion of academic work takes priority during vacations over other commitments.

REFERENCE REQUESTS

If you are planning to ask tutors or supervisors for reference letters, please allow plenty of time, i.e., a minimum of two weeks’ notice in term time and longer out of term or if a hard copy of a letter needs to be posted. It is also helpful to group your requests together to allow your referees to write all your letters in one go.

If you are asking for a letter (as opposed to simply asking to list a referee on an application), please keeping mind that most referees will expect an updated copy of your CV (including details of individual course marks and the titles of submitted written work), information about each application you are making (including deadlines and postal/email addresses), and a draft of any application letter or proposal you will be submitting.

TRAVEL RISK ASSESSMENT

Students are responsible for undertaking their own risk assessments for any international trips undertaken during the course of their studies (e.g., conferences, research trips). A risk assessment pro forma can be found by contacting the Admin Office at admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk.

Staff will undertake risk assessments for any international and UK trips with students, e.g., gallery trips to London.

For all foreign travel, students must also arrange their own travel insurance. See:

https://finance.admin.ox.ac.uk/how-to-arrange-insurance and travel advice from the Foreign Commonwealth Office: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice.

 

Informing the University and the Department

For undergraduates who have declared a disability on entry to the University, the Faculty and the Department will have been informed if any special arrangements need to be made. If you require special adjustments of any kind, the Faculty and Department ask that you inform the University. If you think that adjustments in Faculty or Department teaching, learning facilities (including whether special copies of material are needed), or assessment may need to be made, you should raise the matter first with your college tutor.

The Department of History of Art and the Faculty of History are committed to ensuring that students with disabilities are not treated less favourably than other students, and to provide reasonable adjustment to provision where such students might otherwise be at a substantial disadvantage. The departmental Disability Coordinator is the Department Manager. Please also advise her of any disability, Specific Learning Difficulty or long-term health condition in order that the Department is able to support you fully in your studies.  Email: manager@hoa.ox.ac.uk

Lectures, tutorials and course material

Lecturers who are members of the History Faculty have been advised of various ways of making their lectures, classes, tutorials, and the supporting material they give to students more accessible to people with disabilities. Your college tutor will try to ensure that other tutors you may be assigned to, or lecturers whose lectures you are likely to attend, have been informed of any adjustments that need to be made. However, it will be very helpful if you could also inform tutors and lecturers directly of how they can best make adjustments. They may liaise with the administrative officers of the Faculty and Department to ensure that handouts are produced in a suitable format, or change their form of presentation.

The Department has a policy of recording Core Course lectures and making them available to students to listen to via the relevant Canvas site (provided permission can be obtained from the lecturer).  If you have any problems, please contact vrc@hoa.ox.ac.uk.

Your attention is drawn to the University policy on the recording of lectures and other formal teaching sessions by students: academic.admin.ox.ac.uk/educational-recordings-policy

Reading lists and library resources

As far as possible, tutors have been asked to indicate on reading lists which texts are available in electronic format – and thus able to be easily converted into other formats. You will appreciate that the most successful and rewarding study of art history will depend very much on breadth of reading and that a great deal of material will not be available other than in printed or even manuscript form. If accessibility of material is an issue for you, you may wish to discuss with your college tutor which options would have the most texts available in electronic format.

Members of the History Faculty Library staff are also able to provide help and advice, and also to make arrangements for gaining access to particular materials in the Bodleian library and other libraries. (On using the Bodleian Library, see also: www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley.)

History Faculty Library staff can also assist in making special copies (large print, coloured paper, etc.). Please contact Rachel D’Arcy Brown – Rachel.darcy-brown@bodleian.ox.ac.uk.

For information on using the Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library, contact artlib-enquiries@bodleian.ox.ac.uk.

In addition, Oxford University has an online union library catalogue, SOLO, which contains records for over five million of the estimated ten million titles held by libraries associated with Oxford University. For more information see: http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk.

Examinations

The task of assessing what kinds of adjustments might be needed for a student with a disability falls to the University Proctors. If you are an undergraduate, your college should ensure that an appropriate application is made to the Proctors in good time, once you have officially notified your college. Further information about the Proctors’ role and the guidance they give is available on their website, www.admin.ox.ac.uk/proctors, and on the University’s Disability website www.admin.ox.ac.uk/eop/disab.

If you have a declared Specific Learning Difficulty, for example dyslexia, please remember to also obtain a cover sheet from the front desk at Examination Schools when submitting assessed work.

 

“The University of Oxford is committed to fostering an inclusive culture which promotes equality, values diversity and maintains a working, learning and social environment in which the rights and dignity of all its staff and students are respected. We recognise that the broad range of experiences that a diverse staff and student body brings strengthens our research and enhances our teaching, and that in order for Oxford to remain a world-leading institution we must continue to provide a diverse, inclusive, fair and open environment that allows everyone to grow and flourish.” University of Oxford Equality Policy

As a member of the University you contribute towards making it an inclusive environment and we ask that you treat other members of the University community with respect, courtesy and consideration.

The Equality and Diversity Unit works with all parts of the collegiate University to develop and promote an understanding of equality and diversity and ensure that this is reflected in all its processes. The Unit also supports the University in meeting the legal requirements of the Equality Act 2010, including eliminating unlawful discrimination, promoting equality of opportunity and fostering good relations between people with and without the ‘protected characteristics’ of age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion and/or belief, sex and sexual orientation. Visit our website for further details or contact us directly for advice: edu.web.ox.ac.uk or equality@admin.ox.ac.uk.

The Equality and Diversity Unit also supports a broad network of harassment advisors in departments/faculties and colleges and a central Harassment Advisory Service. For more information on the University’s Harassment and Bullying policy and the support available for students visit: edu.web.ox.ac.uk/harassment-advice

There are a range of faith societies, belief groups, and religious centres within Oxford University that are open to students. For more information visit: edu.admin.ox.ac.uk/religion-and-belief-0 

Student Welfare and Support Services

The University’s unique and close-knit collegiate system provides a wealth of pastoral and welfare services for students to support engagement with studies and University life, promoting student wellbeing by providing opportunities for social interaction and sport and arts. Additionally, the central Student Welfare and Support Services department offers professional support that complements provision in colleges and departments. More detail can be found in the University’s Common Approach to Support Student Mental Health.

The Disability Advisory Service (DAS) can provide information, advice and guidance on reasonable adjustments to teaching and assessment, and assist with organising disability-related study support. For more information visit: www.ox.ac.uk/students/welfare/disability

The Counselling Service is here to help you address personal or emotional problems that get in the way of having a good experience at Oxford and realising your full academic and personal potential. They offer a free and confidential service and the counselling team are committed to providing culturally sensitive and appropriate psychological services. Students can request to see a male or female therapist, a Counsellor of Colour, or to attend a specialist group such as the LGBTQ+ or Students of Colour Groups. All support is free and confidential. For more information visit: www.ox.ac.uk/students/welfare/counselling

The Sexual Harassment and Violence Support Service provides a safe and confidential space for any student, of any gender, sexuality or sexual orientation, who has been impacted by sexual harassment or violence, domestic or relationship abuse, coercive control or stalking, whenever or wherever this took place. More information is available from www.ox.ac.uk/students/welfare/supportservice.

A range of services led by students are available to help provide support to other students, including the peer supporter network, the Oxford SU’s Student Advice Service and Nightline. For more information visit: www.ox.ac.uk/students/welfare/peer

Oxford Students’ Union also runs a series of campaigns to raise awareness and promote causes that matter to students. For full details, visit: www.oxfordsu.org/communities/campaigns/

There is a wide range of student clubs and societies to get involved in - for more details visit: www.ox.ac.uk/students/life/clubs

Weeks 1-8

Michaelmas Term Sunday 12 October-Saturday 6 December
Hilary Term Sunday 18 January-Saturday 14 March
Trinity Term Sunday 26 April-Saturday 20 June

 

Please note that the Department of History Art shuts down over the Christmas and Easter closure periods.   Staff also take annual leave during the long summer vacation, so there will be periods of closure throughout the summer months.

Contacts

If you require a PDF copy of this page, please select "File > Print > Save as PDF".

 

The Department of History of Art

The Stephen A. Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG

Main email for general enquiries: admin@hoa.ox.ac.uk


Useful Links

History Faculty Website

Lecture List

History Faculty Canvas

History Faculty Library

Examination Regulations

Oxford Students Website

Student Self Service

Guidance for using Self Service